United States Dollar Index steadies above 99.00 amid US-Iran deal uncertainty
- US Dollar Index may appreciate on safe-haven demand after reports that Iran halted indirect negotiations with the United States.
- Iran and its "Resistance Front" allies plan to block the Strait of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb to punish Israel and its supporters.
- The Greenback gains as renewed Middle East tensions fuel inflation fears and expectations of elevated Federal Reserve interest rates.
The US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the value of the US Dollar (USD) against six major currencies, is moving sideways after registering modest gains in the previous day and trading around 99.20 during the Asian hours on Tuesday.
The Greenback may further appreciate as safe-haven demand increases after Tasnim news agency indicated that Tehran has halted indirect negotiations with the United States. According to the report, Iran and its "Resistance Front" allies, spanning Yemen, Lebanon, and Iraq, have established an agenda to completely block the critical Strait of Hormuz and activate additional fronts, including the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, as a means to punish Israel and its supporters.
The escalation was further compounded by an Axios report on X stating that Iran deployed additional naval mines in the strait last week. These combined developments pose a severe obstacle to a swift resolution of the crisis, which has already effectively shut down the Strait of Hormuz, a vital chokepoint for global oil and liquefied natural gas supplies.
US Dollar Index received support from renewed tensions in the Middle East, which continue to fuel global inflation concerns and stoke expectations of elevated Federal Reserve (Fed) policy rates. Reflecting these persistent inflationary pressures, financial markets are now pricing in a potential Federal Reserve (Fed) rate hike before the year ends, with the CME FedWatch tool currently indicating a 39% probability of a quarter-point increase in December.
However, US President Donald Trump offered a more optimistic outlook, stating that negotiations remain ongoing and suggesting that a memorandum of understanding to reopen the Strait of Hormuz could be reached within the coming week. Concurrently, regional diplomacy continues to shift as Lebanese authorities have called for any extension of the ceasefire agreement between Hezbollah and Tel Aviv to encompass all Lebanese territory.
US Dollar FAQs
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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