Canadian Dollar softens on strong US PPI data, US-Iran peace deal uncertainty
- USD/CAD edges higher to around 1.3980 in Friday’s early Asian session.
- The annual US PPI inflation rate was the highest since November 2022.
- BoC left the interest rates unchanged at its June meeting on Wednesday.
The USD/CAD pair gains traction to near 1.3980 during the early European trading hours on Friday, bolstered by hot US inflation data. Traders will closely monitor the developments surrounding the US-Iran peace deal. The preliminary reading of the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index for June is due later on Friday.
Data on Thursday showed US Producer Price Index (PPI) inflation rose more than expected in May, leading to the largest annual gain in three and a half years as the Middle East conflict drove up the cost of energy products.
The Fed is clearly missing its inflation target by a lot more than it is missing its employment objective," said John Ryding, chief economic advisor at Brean Capital. "The PPI report should further embolden those on the FOMC who think a rate hike might be needed later in the year,” Ryding added.
US President Donald Trump said on Thursday that the US and Iran could sign a peace deal as soon as this weekend that would reopen the Strait of Hormuz to shipping. Iran countered that it had not reached a final decision on an agreement. However, uncertainty remains high amid ongoing tensions in the Middle East.
US forces intercepted and shot down two Iranian one-way attack drones near the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday after Iran attempted to target commercial vessels transiting the waterway, per Fox News. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) said that the country is stronger than ever and ready to deliver a "decisive, immediate, painful and regret-inducing response" to any aggression.
On the Loonie front, the Bank of Canada (BoC) on Wednesday decided to hold its key interest rate unchanged as expected and said it was seeing limited evidence that higher energy prices were fueling broad-based inflation.
Nonetheless, BoC Governor Tiff Macklem reiterated that the bank would not hesitate to raise rates if need be to keep inflation in check. "The Governing Council is continuing to look through the war's near-term impact on headline inflation but will not let higher energy prices become persistent inflation,” according to the BoC statement.
Canadian Dollar FAQs
The key factors driving the Canadian Dollar (CAD) are the level of interest rates set by the Bank of Canada (BoC), the price of Oil, Canada’s largest export, the health of its economy, inflation and the Trade Balance, which is the difference between the value of Canada’s exports versus its imports. Other factors include market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – with risk-on being CAD-positive. As its largest trading partner, the health of the US economy is also a key factor influencing the Canadian Dollar.
The Bank of Canada (BoC) has a significant influence on the Canadian Dollar by setting the level of interest rates that banks can lend to one another. This influences the level of interest rates for everyone. The main goal of the BoC is to maintain inflation at 1-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively higher interest rates tend to be positive for the CAD. The Bank of Canada can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former CAD-negative and the latter CAD-positive.
The price of Oil is a key factor impacting the value of the Canadian Dollar. Petroleum is Canada’s biggest export, so Oil price tends to have an immediate impact on the CAD value. Generally, if Oil price rises CAD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Oil falls. Higher Oil prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance, which is also supportive of the CAD.
While inflation had always traditionally been thought of as a negative factor for a currency since it lowers the value of money, the opposite has actually been the case in modern times with the relaxation of cross-border capital controls. Higher inflation tends to lead central banks to put up interest rates which attracts more capital inflows from global investors seeking a lucrative place to keep their money. This increases demand for the local currency, which in Canada’s case is the Canadian Dollar.
Macroeconomic data releases gauge the health of the economy and can have an impact on the Canadian Dollar. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the CAD. A strong economy is good for the Canadian Dollar. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the Bank of Canada to put up interest rates, leading to a stronger currency. If economic data is weak, however, the CAD is likely to fall.
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