CNQ (CNQ) Q2 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

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DATE

Thursday, Aug. 6, 2026 at 11:00 a.m. ET

CALL PARTICIPANTS

• Manager of Investor Relations - Lance J. Casson
• President - Scott G. Stauth
• Chief Financial Officer - Victor Clinton Darel
• COO of E and P - Robin Sean Zabek
• CEO of Oil Sands - Jay E. Froc
• Chief Commercial Officer - Ronald Keith Laing

TAKEAWAYS

• Adjusted Net Earnings -- $4.6 billion or $2.20 per share, driven by record production levels and robust pricing for synthetic crude oil (SCO).
• Adjusted Funds Flow -- $6.9 billion or approximately $3.30 per share, representing the strongest quarterly results in the history of the company.
• Total Corporate Production -- 1.68 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) per day, an increase of 18% or 206,000 BOE per day year over year.
• Oil Sands Mining and Upgrading Production -- 625,000 barrels per day, reflecting 106% upgrader utilization and the acquisition of additional working interest in the Athabasca Oil Sands Project (AOSP).
• Total Liquids Production -- 1.25 million barrels per day, an increase of 23% or 230,000 barrels per day compared to the second quarter of 2025.
• North American Conventional E&P Liquids Production -- 338,000 barrels per day, an increase of 25% or 67,000 barrels per day from the same period last year.
• North American Light Crude Oil and NGL Production -- 205,000 barrels per day, an increase of 45% or 64,000 barrels per day year over year reflecting accretive acquisitions and drilling.
• Jackfish Production -- 136,000 barrels per day, exceeding the facility nameplate capacity of 120,000 barrels per day.
• Pike 1 SAGD Production -- 46,000 barrels per day from two new pads, supported by a steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) of 1.8.
• Sulfur Production Revenue -- $450 million for the first two quarters of 2026, with the company producing approximately 30% of Canada's total sulfur supply.
• Annual Production Guidance -- 1.64 million to 1.68 million BOE per day, an increase of 20,000 BOE per day at the midpoint following recent acquisitions.
• Operational Capital Program -- approximately $6 billion for 2026, which remains unchanged before considering net acquisition costs.
• Total Direct Returns -- $4 billion in the second quarter, comprised of $2.4 billion in direct returns and $1.6 billion in indirect returns through debt reduction.
• Quarterly Dividends -- $1.3 billion or $0.625 per share, representing the 26th consecutive year of dividend increases.
• Share Repurchases -- $1.1 billion during the quarter, as the company targets returning 75% of free cash flow to shareholders.
• Net Debt Reduction -- $1.6 billion in the quarter, bringing total long-term debt down to $14.5 billion toward a $13 billion ultimate target.
• Synthetic Crude Oil (SCO) Premium -- $8.37 per barrel over West Texas Intermediate (WTI) in the second quarter.
• Oil Sands Operating Costs -- $22.19 per barrel, reflecting the company's industry-leading cost performance.
• Oil Sands Per-Barrel Netback -- approximately $78 per barrel, the highest ever achieved by the company during a single quarter.
• Total Liquidity -- approximately $8 billion, comprised of internally generated cash flow and undrawn credit facilities.

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RISKS

• Stauth stated, "Until we have completed these definitive agreements, development of our medium and long term projects remain on hold," noting the suspension of expansion projects at Jackfish and Pike 2 pending a finalized regulatory framework.

SUMMARY

Management reported record operational and financial performance for Canadian Natural Resources Limited (NYSE:CNQ) driven by high asset utilization and asset consolidation in the Peace River region. The company stated that progress on a trilateral memorandum of understanding (MOU) with provincial and federal governments provides a framework for future industry competitiveness and emissions reduction. While the capital program for 2026 remains at previously stated levels, management indicated that major growth projects are paused pending the finalization of definitive government agreements. Shareholder returns continue through dividends and buybacks, supported by free cash flow and a trajectory toward long-term debt reduction targets.

• Stauth described the trilateral MOU as a "transformative" step that establishes a "clear pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions" while supporting production growth and egress for the industry.
• Upgrader utilization reached 106% at oil sands mining sites, which management attributed to facility optimization and the capture of "creep capacity" through technical improvements.
• The company plans to deploy a solvent pilot at Kirby South in the first quarter of 2027 using diluent to evaluate greenhouse gas reductions and full-cycle economics.
• Darel projected the company will reach its $13 billion net debt target in early 2027, which will trigger an increase in the share buyback program to 100% of free cash flow.
• Consolidation in the Charlie Lake region is expected to generate operating cost synergies of 10% or more by optimizing infrastructure and reducing drilling and completion costs.
• Stauth indicated that synthetic crude oil pricing is expected to remain "at par or slightly uptick" relative to WTI for the remainder of the year based on strong diesel demand.

INDUSTRY GLOSSARY

• AOSP: Athabasca Oil Sands Project, a large-scale oil sands mining and upgrading operation.
• BOE: Barrels of Oil Equivalent, a unit of energy that combines oil and natural gas production into a single measure.
• MOU: Memorandum of Understanding, a non-binding agreement outlining a framework for future formal contracts.
• NGLs: Natural Gas Liquids, hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane produced alongside natural gas.
• NRU: Naphtha Recovery Unit, a facility used to recover naphtha from oil sands tailings or processing streams.
• SAGD: Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, a thermal production technology used to extract bitumen from deep deposits.
• SCO: Synthetic Crude Oil, a high-quality oil produced by upgrading bitumen.
• SOR: Steam-to-Oil Ratio, a measure of efficiency in thermal oil production indicating the amount of steam required to produce a barrel of oil.
• WTI: West Texas Intermediate, a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in oil pricing.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Operator: Good morning. We would like to welcome everyone to Canadian Natural's 26 Second Quarter Earnings Conference Call and Webcast After the presentation, we will conduct a question and answer session Instructions will be given at that time. Please note that this call is being recorded today, 08/06/2026 at 9AM mountain time. I would now like to turn the meeting over to your host for today's call, Lance J. Casson, Manager of Investor Relations.

Lance J. Casson: Good morning, everyone. And thank you for joining Canadian Natural's 26 second quarter results conference call. Before we begin, I would like to remind you of our forward looking statements. And it should be noted that in our reporting disclosures, everything is in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise stated, and report reserves and production before royalties. Also, I would suggest you review the advisory section of our financial statements that include comments on non GAAP disclosures. Speaking on today's call will be Scott G. Stauth, our President and Victor Clinton Darel, our Chief Financial Officer. As usual, in the room with us this morning is Robin Sean Zabek, COO of E and P Jay E.

Froc, CEO of Oil Sands and Ronald Keith Laing, Chief Commercial Officer. Scott will begin by going through our numerous operational records and leading operating costs as our teams continue to execute the quarter. Victor will then go through our strong financial results, significant returns to shareholders material net debt reduction. To close, Scott will summarize. Prior to opening up the line for questions. With that, over to you, Scott.

Scott G. Stauth: Thank you, Lance, and good morning, everyone. Q2 26 was a very strong quarter. Reflecting our continued focus on operational excellence, capital efficiency and continuous improvement which drove 8 new operational and financial records across our asset base. An example of this performance was achieved in our world class oil sands mining and upgrading operations. We experienced challenging weather elements like other oil sands operations, However, our teams successfully managed those challenges allowing the company to not only exceed our budget, but we also achieved the highest quarterly production in the company's history averaging approximately 625 thousand barrels per day Q2 with high upgrader utilization of 106%.

Oil sands mining and upgrading production in the quarter represents an increase of approximately 161 thousand barrels per day or 35% compared to Q2 25 levels reflecting strong operational performance the additional working interest in the AOS P mines acquired in Q4 of 25 and the turnaround at AOSP completed last year. These world class assets provide high value, synthetic crude oil which captured robust pricing in Q2 with the SCO premium to WTI averaging $8.37 per barrel in the quarter. And when combined with industry leading low operating costs of $22.19 per barrel, resulted in the highest oil sands mining and upgrading per barrel netback ever achieved by the company during the quarter at approximately $78 per barrel.

Cash flow from our Gen cash flow generation from our oil sands mine and upgrading assets was significant and operations delivered strong results. In addition to record oil sands mining and upgrading production, we also achieved record quarterly total corporate production of approximately 1.68 million BOE per day in Q2 resulting in year over year growth of approximately 206 thousand BOE per day or 18% from Q2 25 levels. Other Q2 26 production records include record total liquids production of approximately 1.25 million barrels per day an increase of 230 thousand barrels per day or 23% from Q2 25 levels. Importantly, 2/3 of our total liquids production in Q2 is high value SCO light crude oil and NGLs.

Generating significant cash flow. We also achieved record North American conventional E and P liquids production of approximately 338 thousand barrels per day representing an increase of 67 thousand barrels per day or 25% from Q2 25 levels. Included in this record North American light crude oil and NGL production of approximately 205 thousand barrels per day. This production is up approximately 64 thousand barrels per day or 45% from Q2 25. Primarily reflecting accretive acquisitions and strong drilling results. Thermal in situ production was strong as well. Record production of jackfish of approximately 136 thousand barrels per day exceeding our facility nameplate capacity of 120 thousand barrels per day.

Strong production at Jackfish was supported by the 2 new SAG D pads at Pike 1, which are currently averaging approximately 46 thousand barrels per day with an SOR of 1.8. The resource at Pike is top tier, with results continuing to exceed our expectations. In addition to production records achieved this quarter, we also set some record financial results, including adjusted net earnings, and adjusted funds flow, which Victor will provide more details on later in the call. Our financial results include the benefit from our material sulfur production as we produce approximately 30% of Canada's sulfur supply which generated significant net revenue of approximately $450 million in the first 2 quarters of this year.

With record production and strong performance across our asset base, along with an accretive acquisition completed in Q2, we are increasing our annual production guidance range for the second time this year. Annual production is now targeted to be between 1.64 million BOE per day and 1.68 million BOE per day a 20 thousand boe per day increase at the midpoint from the previous guidance range. We remain focused on executing our prudent and efficient 2026 capital program as our operational capital operating capital remains unchanged at approximately $6 billion before net acquisition cost.

Our ability to effectively allocate capital across our large and diverse asset base provides us with a unique competitive advantage and when combined with accretive acquisitions, continues to create significant long term value for our shareholders. With that, I will pass it over to Victor for our Q2 financial review.

Victor Clinton Darel: Thank you, and good morning, everyone. As Scott already noted, the second quarter was marked by impressive performance with the company setting a number of quarterly records. Adjusted net earnings of $4.6 billion or $2.20 per share and adjusted funds flow of $6.9 billion or approximately $3.30 per share were the strongest in the history of the company. And reflected excellent operational performance, and the strong pricing we received for our products in the quarter. The Peace River area acquisitions were completed in the first and second quarters and are already well integrated into our operations and are contributing meaningfully to our already strong returns. Robust cash flow generation continues to provide significant returns to shareholders.

Totaling approximately $4 billion in the second quarter including direct returns of $2.4 billion comprised of $1.3 billion in dividends and $1.1 billion in share repurchases. And indirect returns of $1.6 billion through net debt reduction in the quarter. Further enhancing long term shareholder value. Total direct returns to shareholders for the year to date now exceed $5.7 billion The significant level of returns and net debt reduction even when completing an accretive acquisition in the quarter is a clear demonstration of the cash generating capability of our diverse long life low decline asset base supported by industry leading cost performance across our operations. Our leading dividend continues with the Board approving a quarterly dividend of $0.625 per common share.

Following the dividend increase earlier this year, 2026 is the 26th consecutive year of dividend increases, and reflects the sustainability of our business model. The strength of our balance sheet, and the durability of our asset base. The dividend is payable on 10/02/2026, to shareholders of record at the close of business on 09/11/2026. Our share buyback program, which currently targets to return 75% of free cash flow, and is calculated as funds flow after dividends, capital and abandonment expenditures continues to be very strong. The program is forward looking and with the strong pricing environment continues to be robust. Our capital expenditure program is disciplined, balanced and effective. And the balance sheet is ever stronger. Liquidity is equally strong.

With approximately $8 billion of availability supported by internally generated cash flow, and undrawn credit facilities and providing us with ongoing financial flexibility to drive resource value growth and deliver on strategic growth opportunities as demonstrated by the accretive acquisitions this year. Overall, the record results achieved in the second quarter further demonstrate quality of our assets and the strength of our execution. Combined with a strong balance sheet and a disciplined approach to capital allocation, we remain well positioned to continue delivering meaningful value to our shareholders. With that, Scott, I will turn it back to you.

Scott G. Stauth: Thanks, Victor. In summary, our relentless focus on continuous improvement combined with effective and efficient operations from our world class assets has driven strong performance, low operating cost, high netbacks, and significant free cash flow generation so far in 2026. Our ability to effectively allocate capital across our strong asset base provides us with a competitive advantage. This ability, combined with shareholder alignment and accretive acquisitions, creates significant long term value for our shareholders. Before I turn it over for questions, I wanted to comment on the recent trilateral MOU between the Oil Sands Alliance government of Alberta, and the Federal Government.

The trilateral MOU outlines a potential Regulatory And Fiscal Framework Intended To Support Long Term Competitiveness Of Canada's energy industry and establishes a positive first step for future economic production growth in Canada and associated with additional egress opportunities and a clear pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In turn, this will benefit all of Canada by providing more jobs, combined with social and economic benefits to our country. We look forward to working with both levels of government on the definitive agreements targeted for the completion this fall. Which will provide clarity on assessing potential growth projects. Until we have completed these definitive agreements, development of our medium and long term projects remain on hold.

Which will include our 30 thousand barrel-a-day Jackfish project and our 70 thousand-barrel-per-day Pike 2 project as well as our longer term oil sands mining and growth projects at both Albion and Horizon. I also want to remind everyone that in addition to our future growth, and capital allocation being dependent upon the finalization of the definitive agreements, our shareholder returns will not be sacrificed and if growth projects proceed they will generate strong returns at mid cycle pricing. And with that, I will turn it over for questions. Thank you.

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question-and-answer session. You will hear a prompt that your hand has been raised. Should you wish to decline from the polling process, please press star followed by the 2. And if you are using a speakerphone, And we have our first question from Dennis Fong with CIBC.

Dennis Fong: Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions and congratulations on a very strong operational quarter. My first question, and I really appreciate, frankly, the color and commentary you provided in the initial remarks. When you talk towards, obviously, your strong and performance in The Oil Sands mining operations region, clearly you are the managed through a very tough environmental conditions out in the field.

Can you talk towards some of the learnings you might have had, some of the maybe some examples of what you are able to do to manage through obviously, a tough working quarter, a high amount of snow melt, and rain and why kind of some of the operating models were able to weather some of these conditions, as well as you guys were able to.

Scott G. Stauth: Yeah. Thanks, Dennis.

So I think if you look at there are several factors that come into play with the spring runoff and combined with heavy rain conditions that we see typically during the second quarter, Our teams have been focused on this for years, and part of that focus is just generated around how we manage our whole roads how we have our materials ready for managing those roads in adverse weather conditions, how we have our ore availability ready to go And I think importantly, how our team on the ground is able to navigate through the challenging conditions with manpower, operating the equipment, able to assess situations on a second by second, minute by minute basis, make judgment calls, and work their way through these challenges on a very prepared basis, anticipating what is going to happen with the future forecast.

And those general kind of things. And I think that probably summarized maybe in a very simplistic form, Dennis, but at the same time being on top of all that is very important to our team and it is something that they take great pride in. Greg. Appreciate that color there. My second question shifts the focus towards Kirby. It looks like you are shifting now towards a solvent rollout using diluent for the first quarter of 27. Can you talk towards kind of the scale of that rollout and potentially the upside that could exist as you move forward with the use of solvent technology, obviously, at a much more grander commercial scale? Yeah.

So with the solvent deployment at Kirby South, Dennis, it is part of this ongoing strategy that we have to evaluate the returns that we would achieve, by deployment of solvents and helping reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. 1 of the key factors that we look at and that we have experienced is the cost side of solvents are significant. And in order to improve the returns, we need to ensure that we are using the most effective and efficient, solvents. In this case, we are going to deploy the diluent as it is a lower cost product to be able to use for solvents. And in order of magnitude, Dennis, this is another small pilot at Kirby South.

So you know, these are wells that we drilled off of existing pads at Kirby South. Performance from those wells is strong. We anticipate that by the time Q1 comes around, we will be introducing the diluent through that pilot into those wells and then monitoring the results of that. So really what we are trying to do is take our time, understand full cycle economics on solids and their applicability in the areas that we can achieve the best results by deploying that solid. Greg. Thanks, for that color there, Scott.

Dennis Fong: I will turn it back.

Scott G. Stauth: Thanks, Dennis.

Operator: We have our next question from Patrick O'Rourke with ATB Capital Markets.

Patrick O'Rourke: Good morning guys. Thanks for taking my question and congratulations again on a very strong quarter. Particularly in challenging mining environment. Just wondering and thinking about upgrader output here, I mean, for several quarters in a row, been very consistently above 100%. Where do you feel from a comfort level that and I know you have got the naphtha addition coming up, but the ability to maybe rerate these assets up a little bit in terms of capacity and sort of what incrementally you could squeeze out there?

Scott G. Stauth: Patrick, the way we look at it is we continue to take a view that we are working towards continuous improvement, optimizing the capacity of all the facilities, including the upgraders at our oil sands mining site. And so I think it is premature to reassess or rerate the capacity. The teams are still focused on optimization and trying to get incremental creep barrels from the facility, 1 of which is what you mentioned. The NRU project, but we continue to work on optimization outside of that as well.

So I think the important part is, yes, it is a big number. what is really important, though, is the total capacity, the volume that we are putting through there of SCO production, that is really the driving factor. Victor. Whether we are at 100% or 105%, I think that is just an outcome of where we are at in terms of our pushing the facilities to ensure that we are maximizing the assets and think it is just important that we continue to focus on incremental barrels where we can achieve that through tweaking and optimizing and getting creep capacity.

So at some point, Patrick, we will take a look at that But I think right now it is just important to maintain our focus on optimizing the production.

Patrick O'Rourke: Okay, great. And this is probably a bit of a bigger strategic question, but you referenced the trilateral MOU here. Thinking in the context, and I know it is a big if, but if it does meet your expectations for an economic and a fiscal framework, and I know there is also commodity market conditions and economic conditions out there to keep in perspective. But given the state of readiness that you have showed with the growth projects, that you have in the queue here, particularly the medium and longer term ones. If that formal agreement meets your expectations, what is the sort of path forward in terms of timeframes around FID and progressing with growth?

Scott G. Stauth: Yes, Patrick. I think the focus right now on getting through the definitive agreements is really important and very strategic for us. We want to ensure all the details in the definitive agreements are aligned with the concepts of the MOU as those concepts that we had in the MOU are critical in terms of, you know, importance for us for looking at future growth. So when you look at our projects that we have talked about at our open house and in subsequent calls.

We would look to deploy that capital under the right conditions according to our holistic view on capital allocation to ensure that we are looking at growth or not sacrificing shareholder returns and we are not comp we are not laying, long term projects over top of medium term in such a way that it presses hard on the capital. So we are very cognizant of that, very focused on that, Patrick.

Patrick O'Rourke: Okay. Thanks very much.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question is from Menno Hulshof with TD Cowen.

Menno Hulshof: Thanks and good morning, everyone. I will start with a question on pricing. It ties a bit into what you were chatting about with Patrick. Clearly, the premium to WTI was really big in the second quarter. But there does seem to be a lot of day to day volatility. And I always struggle with the fundamentals in terms of what I am seeing versus how synthetic actually trades. So my high level question is, like, what are you currently seeing in terms of supply-demand fundamentals for SCO and what is a reasonable expectation for that premium through the end of the year?

Scott G. Stauth: Yeah. You know, Menno, your view on that is probably as accurate or maybe more accurate than ours would be on that. And it is really dependent upon the draw for diesel production. And we are seeing strong diesel production across North America and elsewhere. So I think we are going to see at par or slightly uptick pricing as we go forward through the rest of the year here. And really if you look at if you look at the forward curves for WTI, And if you if you apply and you think about how diesel production economy is still strong, Lots of requirements. For, fuel supply.

I would suggest that we will probably be at par or, yeah, slightly better than WTI by a few dollars per barrel and I see that on a go forward basis. Right now it is difficult to pick the end of that. But even at that, Menno, I think it is it bodes to the resilience of SCO pricing because if you look historically, SCO pricing has averaged pretty much on par with WTI. And the fact that we have 600 thousand of that production is very significant to the company. Whether it is at part of WTI or with DART, even an added benefit if it is at a premium to that.

So we will see how things go as we go forward here.

Menno Hulshof: Okay. Thanks, Scott. that is helpful. And then my second question is on M&A and recent acquisitions in the Peace River more specifically. So it is a multipart question. What is drawing you to that area? Are there unique attributes that C and Q brings to the table in terms of integration synergies on the acquired assets? And are you seeing meaningful opportunities to further consolidate in that region?

Scott G. Stauth: I think if you look at what we have done there thus far, increasing our position in the Charlie Lake. We are capturing the synergies of size and infrastructure areas with a focus on reducing the operating cost and you would not have otherwise gotten that with 3 producers in the area. So, through the consolidation of that, we can see focus on achieving targeted operating costs in the range of 10% or more, We are really focused on maximizing the liquids production from those assets.

So there is been a real significant focus on that and of course because we are able to utilize our teams and our knowledge in the area from know, from what we have learned in the past, we think we are going to help us 'll help us reduce the drilling and completions costs as we go forward. There will also be some opportunities for some multilat drilling which has been a bit sparse thus far in the Charlie Lake. So there is upside in those, acquisitions. And but, I would argue Menno, that those acquisitions similar to other acquisitions that we continue to do on the past.

We really look at synergies of having size and scale being able to optimize the performance of the area and reduce the operating cost. Adds value to our shareholders and cash flow.

Menno Hulshof: Okay. Thanks, Scott. I will turn it back.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question is from Neil Mehta with Goldman Sachs.

Neil Mehta: Yes. Thanks, team. Congrats on a really good quarter here. 1 macro, 1 micro question. I guess the macro question the trilateral MOU. And just your perspective about what are the sort of the gating factors to ultimately improving egress and getting pipe built in the region and just how big a deal is this for the industry and what is the biggest risk for this to ultimately translate into improved outcomes?

Scott G. Stauth: Yeah. Neil, I think it is transformative for Canada and certainly for the oil sands. Industry when you look at the opportunity for egress to the West Coast and when we think about the opportunity to broaden that customer base and help drive stronger overall differential pricing. I think that is very, very significant in and of itself. The fact that the Pathways project would be able to capture significant greenhouse gas emissions and achieve production growth opportunities. I think, is really significant for all of Canada, all Canadians. Well paying jobs will be created, increased royalties increased taxes. So from a Canadian perspective, prosperity, it is a very, very important overall project.

In terms of the details within the MOU, I am sure you have read through the MOU. We are really just looking to, nail down through the definitive agreement so that we have assurances that all the things that we had in the MOU will work themselves through for signatures to be completed. On the definitive agreements. And with that, I think it presents a great opportunity for all oil sands players including Canadian Natural and certainly a very significant opportunity for Alberta and all of Canada.

So there is fiscal components there is regulatory components, all of which are extremely important to ensure that we get this right and it fits the bill and really transitions Canada from a country where we have been somewhat, I will say, stagnant in a growth position to a country that has a real significant opportunity here to be an energy superpower.

Neil Mehta: Well, thanks. I appreciate it. I know you the industry was instrumental in helping to craft this. My follow-up is just on leverage. You have made a lot of progress on long term debt from 16.2 down to 14.5. You are inching closer to the $13 billion goal. I mean, as you look at the forward curves, do you think you get there? And when you get there, what does that unlock for you guys?

Victor Clinton Darel: This is Victor. I will jump in on this 1. Your point, pricing has been very strong. And of course, net debt levels have come down as you highlight there, about $1.6 billion in the quarter alone. Pricing has moved around a lot as you know from day to day, the number moves around in terms of when we get there. Right now, I would say we target getting there in early 26, based on pricing today. Or 2027, I should say. And, when we get there, as you know, we target to get to 100% of free cash flow under the share buyback program. that is very important to us.

So that is what we are looking at right now.

Neil Mehta: Okay.

Scott G. Stauth: You told me that we have our turnaround in Q3 and into Q4 of this year as well. So keep that in mind.

Operator: Thank you. We have no further questions. I will now turn the call over to Lance J. Casson for closing remarks.

Lance J. Casson: Thank you, operator, and thanks for everyone for joining the call this morning. You have any questions, please do not hesitate to call. Have a great day.

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. We thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.

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