Brief U.S. government shutdown reveals cracks in prediction market rules

The U.S. government is likely to remain partially shut down through the weekend until the House of Representatives votes on a funding bill that the Senate approved on Friday evening. The House’s delay has exposed pitfalls in the prediction markets, with uncertainty looming over specific Kalshi and Polymarket contracts.

The U.S. government is on the brink of a partial shutdown on Saturday morning as the House of Representatives remains out of session until Monday morning. The House is unable to vote on a funding package intended to keep the government running, which the Senate passed on Friday evening. The House needs to pass the funding package as well to allow the government to resume operations fully. The shutdown is temporary and should not significantly affect U.S. citizens.

U.S. partial government shutdown sparks activity on Polymarket and Kalshi

The partial government shutdown differs significantly from previous government shutdowns. The most recent shutdown was the longest in U.S. history, stretching for 43 days, according to a previous Cryptopolitan publication. The shutdown saw federal workers go unpaid for over a month. 

The imminent partial shutdown prompted activity on prediction platforms Polymarket and Kalshi. The prediction sites published contracts that allowed users to bet on whether the government would shut down this weekend. The contracts had different variations, some of which traders said were confusing in how they defined a government shutdown. The traders highlighted the lack of specificity in these contracts.

At the time of this publication, a contract “US government shutdown Saturday?” is live on Polymarket with a 99% chance. However, the rules highlighted for the contract read “This market will resolve to ‘”Yes'” if the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) announces another federal government shutdown due to a lapse in appropriations by January 31, 2026, 11:59 PM ET. Otherwise, this market will resolve to “No”. The terms of this contract identify the partial shutdown as a shutdown. However, the contract relies on OPM announcing the shutdown, not on the actual shutdown happening at all.

A contract on Kalshi named “Government shutdown today?” has 99% of the total votes cast in agreement. The contract’s rules state that the market will resolve to yes only if the U.S. Office of Personnel Management’s website contains a notice that the government at least partially shut down on January 31, 2026, at 11:00 AM ET due to a lapse in appropriations.

Government shutdown bets on prediction platforms lack specificity 

While many remain confused about the two contracts, other contracts offered a more specific contract. One Polymarket contract allowed users to bet on how long the government might remain closed, offering options of 1+, 2+, or 3+ days, all with scores above 99%. 

However, the comment section still debated whether Monday would count as a third day if Trump signed the bill on that day. Others argue that three full days equals 72 hours, which would disqualify day 3 if Trump signs the bill before the end of the day. Another Kalshi contract reading “How many days will the federal government be shut down before March?” showed that “more than two days” has over 98% odds.

The news comes after Cryptopolitan reported that prediction markets smashed a daily record, surpassing $700 million on January 12. Kalshi dominated the market, accounting for a record-breaking $466 million, or more than 66% of total trading volume on prediction markets. The report highlighted that Kalshi had its best trading month in December, processing bets valued at $6.38 billion, with the majority of those bets coming from sports betting. The last week of December accounted for a total trading volume of $1.7 billion.

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