South Korea enacts world’s first comprehensive national AI law

In January 2026, South Korea implemented a new set of artificial intelligence legislation, which marked a significant milestone for any large nation.

The AI Basic Act is a piece of law that creates the first comprehensive AI regulatory framework implemented by a single country. The Basic Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and the Establishment of a Foundation for Trustworthiness is the formal name of the legislation.

Key features of the new regulations

While there are some similarities between the South Korean law and the AI Act of the European Union, there are also significant differences. Much of the regulation focuses on AI safety issues, particularly those connected to generative AI and massive language models. Deepfakes and the dissemination of false information via AI systems are among the issues covered by the statute.

The Act also addresses mental health issues, albeit these portions are not as extensive as those enacted by a number of US states.

Millions of people now turn to generative AI for mental health guidance regularly. ChatGPT alone counts more than 900 million people using it each week, and many of these users seek help with mental health matters. Consulting AI about mental health topics ranks as the most common use of modern generative AI systems.

The popularity makes sense when you consider the accessibility. Most major AI systems can be used for free or at very low cost, available anytime and anywhere. Anyone with mental health concerns can simply log in and start a conversation at any hour.

But experts warn that AI can provide unsuitable or even harmful mental health advice. A lawsuit filed against OpenAI this past August brought attention to concerns about insufficient safety measures when the AI gives cognitive guidance. AI companies say they’re slowly adding protective measures, but risks remain.

AI can potentially help users create delusions that might lead to self-harm. Current general-purpose language models like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and Grok can’t match the abilities of trained human therapists. Specialized AI systems designed to reach similar standards are still mostly being developed and tested.

Regulatory efforts in the United States

Only a handful of American states have passed laws specifically governing AI that provides mental health advice. Many other states are considering similar legislation. Some states have also passed laws about child safety when using AI, AI companionship features, and excessive flattery by AI systems.

There have been multiple unsuccessful attempts by Congress to enact federal legislation pertaining to AI that provides mental health advice. These initiatives have consistently stalled. As of right now, these contentious AI uses are not covered by any federal legislation. American policy can benefit from examining how other nations handle AI legislation. The European Union AI Act, Chinese AI rules, and United Nations recommendations for global AI governance have all been the subject of prior investigation.

According to the AI Basic Act, its primary goal is to establish essential conditions in order to establish a new framework for artificial intelligence in South Korea. Building trust in AI systems and promoting healthy AI development are the goals of the bill. Protecting people’s rights and dignity, enhancing the quality of life, and boosting national competitiveness are among the declared objectives.

The common thread is protecting humanity from potential AI harms. The AI industry often talks about “human-centered AI”, the idea that AI should align with human values and support people rather than undermine them. National competitiveness appears as a key concern in most countries’ AI regulations. South Korea’s mention of boosting national competitiveness reflects this global competition.

The enactment of South Korea’s AI Basic Act represents an important moment in the development of AI regulation worldwide. As the first comprehensive national AI law from a major country, it is likely to influence how other nations approach similar legislation.

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