Clearwater Paper (CLW) Q4 2025 Earnings Transcript

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Date

Wednesday, Feb. 18, 2026 at 5 p.m. ET

Call participants

• President and Chief Executive Officer — Arsen Kitch
• Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer — Sherri Baker
• Investor Relations — Sloan Bohlen

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Takeaways

• Net sales -- $1.6 billion, up 12% year over year, attributed to a 14% increase in shipments, primarily from operating the Augusta Mill for a full year.
• Adjusted EBITDA -- $107 million for the full year, a $71 million improvement versus the prior year, resulting from substantial cost control actions.
• SG&A as a percentage of net sales -- 6.5%, down from 8.4% in 2024, including $16 million in SG&A savings.
• Share repurchases -- $17 million in shares repurchased, with $79 million remaining under authorization.
• Year-end liquidity -- Over $400 million in liquidity preserved on the balance sheet.
• Major maintenance outage costs -- $50 million total for the year, all three completed on schedule and representing lower costs versus prior year.
• Workforce reduction -- More than 10% reduction in total workforce in 2025, including about a 40% cut in corporate SG&A headcount.
• Insurance proceeds -- $23 million initial settlement linked to Augusta acquisition representation and warranty coverage, with $75 million of the $105 million limit remaining for potential future recoveries.
• Current quarter guidance -- Q1 adjusted EBITDA anticipated at approximately breakeven, reflecting $15 million to $20 million in incremental costs due to severe weather-related disruptions at Odessa and Cypress Bend facilities.
• Paperboard pricing headwinds -- Approximately $70 million expected headwind in 2026 from price pressure, incorporating the Q4 RISI index change.
• RISI index exposure -- 40% of volume tied to the RISI folding carton index and 10% to the RISI cup index after the Augusta Mill acquisition.
• Announced price increases -- $60 per ton for cup grades and $50 per ton for other products, targeting 50% of volume not indexed to RISI.
• 2026 revenue outlook -- $1.4 billion to $1.5 billion, assuming flat to modest shipment growth and $70 million in pricing headwind, without including effects from new price increases or RISI’s projected price recovery.
• Planned capital expenditures -- $65 million to $75 million in 2026.
• Planned working capital improvement -- Approximately $20 million expected, with improvement weighted toward the back half of the year.
• New product launch -- VOLURA, a lightweight paperboard incorporating mechanical pulp in the middle layer, scheduled to launch in the second quarter.
• Potential strategic investment -- Engineering feasibility completed for a $60 million conversion to CUK at Cypress Bend, with projected annual capture of 100,000 tons–150,000 tons of independent converter demand if executed.
• Operating rate context -- Industry SBS operating rates dropped to the low 80% range by the end of 2025 due to 500,000 tons of new capacity and flat demand, per American Forest & Paper Association and RISI data; pricing aligned accordingly.
• Management on profitability -- CEO Kitch stated, "At these margin levels, we do not believe that Clearwater Paper (NYSE:CLW) can produce the cash flows and returns that are necessary to reinvest in these types of capital-intensive assets in the long run."
• Outlook for supply-demand balance -- Industry supply is stated to exceed demand by about 400,000 tons–500,000 tons; RISI forecasts imports to decrease 8% and exports to grow 5% in 2026, with a net capacity reduction of 180,000 tons projected.
• Actions under consideration -- The company may implement extended curtailments and further variabilize costs to balance supply with demand in 2026; additional asset and cost structure review is ongoing.

Summary

Clearwater Paper (NYSE:CLW) reported a sharp year-over-year increase in shipments and net sales, driven by the full integration of the Augusta Mill, aggressive fixed cost reductions, and ongoing execution of operational efficiencies. CFO Sherri Baker disclosed that net loss from continuing operations was $53 million, or $3.28 per diluted share, mainly due to a non-cash goodwill impairment; net income for the quarter was $3 million, or $0.20 per share, including insurance recoveries. Management faces a $70 million pricing headwind for 2026, which is not yet offset by announced price increases or forecasted improvements. Severe weather led to operational disruptions and incremental costs of $15 million to $20 million at two major plants, directly impacting first quarter guidance. The company launched a new lightweight product line, VOLURA, and completed engineering for a CUK investment, but has not yet made a final investment decision. Planned capital expenditures and working capital improvements are designed to maintain financial flexibility while weathering an industry downturn marked by low operating rates and oversupplied conditions.

• CEO Kitch said, "today's margins and cash flow levels are not tenable for us for an extended period."
• According to CFO Baker, "SG&A remained below our targeted 6% to 7% range, reflecting our continued cost discipline."
• No specific mill closures or permanent asset rationalization have been determined, though management expects a strategy update by the end of the second quarter.
• Exposure to the RISI folding carton index increased to 40% of volume post-Augusta acquisition, making future results sensitive to industry index pricing.
• The company holds $75 million of remaining insurance claim coverage for issues identified in the Augusta Mill acquisition integration.

Industry glossary

• SBS (Solid Bleached Sulfate): A premium paperboard substrate, often used for folding cartons and print applications, known for high brightness and surface quality.
• CRB (Coated Recycled Board): A paperboard made primarily from recycled fibers, used for packaging where premium print quality is less critical.
• CUK (Coated Unbleached Kraft): A high-strength paperboard substrate, generally used for beverage carriers and demanding packaging applications.
• FBB (Folding Box Board): A layered paperboard composed of mechanical and chemical pulp, common in European packaging and increasingly present in North America.
• RISI Index: An industry benchmark published by Fastmarkets RISI, tracking pricing movements for specific grades of paperboard, widely used as a reference for contract price adjustments.
• CPG (Consumer Packaged Goods): Companies or sectors that manufacture and sell products consumed frequently, such as food, beverages, and household items.
• QSR (Quick Service Restaurant): The restaurant sector focused on fast-food service models, a major end market for packaging grades like SBS and CUK.
• VOLURA: The company’s soon-to-launch lightweight paperboard product line, designed to compete with FBB and target the North American bleached market.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Operator: Hello everyone. Thank you for joining us and welcome to the Clearwater Paper Corporation fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings conference call. After today's prepared remarks, we will host a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, press star 1 again. I will now hand the call over to Sloan Bohlen, Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thank you so much.

Sloan Bohlen: Good afternoon, and thank you for joining Clearwater Paper Corporation’s fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings conference call. Joining me on the call today are Arsen Kitch, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Sherri Baker, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Financial results for 2025 were released shortly after today's market close. You will find a presentation of supplemental information, including a slide providing the company's current outlook, posted on the investor relations page of our website at clearwaterpaper.com. Additionally, we will be providing certain non-GAAP financial information in this afternoon's discussion. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP information to comparable GAAP information is in the press release and in the supplemental information provided on our website.

Please note slide two of our supplemental information covering forward-looking statements. Rather than reading this slide, we will incorporate it by reference into our prepared remarks. With that, let me turn the call over to Arsen. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us today. 2025 was a transformational year for Clearwater Paper Corporation. It was our first full year operating as a paperboard-focused business, and I am pleased with how well our team executed, even as we faced a challenging industry environment. Let me provide a brief recap of our 2025 performance. We successfully completed the integration of the Augusta Mill and the separation of our tissue business.

Arsen Kitch: Both ahead of schedule. Net sales increased by 12% year over year, driven by a 14% increase in shipments, primarily from operating the Augusta Mill for a full year. Adjusted EBITDA was $107,000,000, an improvement of $71,000,000 versus the prior year, driven by exceptional cost control and execution. We completed all three major maintenance outages in 2025 on schedule, with total direct costs of $50,000,000, marking a significant improvement in execution and cost versus 2024. We delivered more than $50,000,000 in fixed cost reductions, including $16,000,000 in SG&A savings, which should improve our long-term earning potential as our industry recovers.

SG&A declined to 6.5% of net sales, down from 8.4% in 2024, which we believe positions us as an industry leader on this metric. We repurchased $17,000,000 worth of shares during the year, with $79,000,000 remaining under our authorization. And importantly, we maintained a strong balance sheet, ending the year with more than $400,000,000 in liquidity. Looking ahead, we will continue to evaluate our options and alternatives to maintain financial flexibility and optimize capital allocation, including refinancing our 2020 notes, which go current in August 2027. Let me spend the next few minutes discussing current industry dynamics and the actions that we are taking to position us for return to cross-cycle margins and cash flows.

Sherri will then review our financial results in more detail, including our first quarter outlook and key assumptions for 2026. I will then conclude with remarks on our shareholder value proposition. Let us start with our industry. Paperboard continues to face challenging supply and demand dynamics, particularly in SBS. We believe that there are three factors that are driving this imbalance. First, demand recovery for packaging has not materialized as expected. Industry shipments of SBS were largely flat year over year, based on the latest AF&PA data, and down in CRB and CUK. CPG and QSR volumes remain lackluster, pressured by inflation, economic uncertainty, and the likely impact of GLP-1 drugs on consumption.

While demand for SBS is relatively flat, a competitor added more than 500,000 tons of new capacity in 2025, representing approximately a 10% increase in industry supply. As a result, industry operating rates decreased to the low 80% range by 2025, leading to pricing and margin pressure. At these margin levels, we do not believe that Clearwater Paper Corporation can produce the cash flows and returns that are necessary to reinvest in these types of capital-intensive assets in the long run. We also believe that these dynamics are beginning to impact other paperboard substrates, as there is meaningful overlap in end-use applications.

Today, SBS is priced lower on a per ton basis than CUK, even though SBS has higher manufacturing costs and a superior print surface. SBS is also priced lower on a per square foot basis versus CRB, since a heavier-weight CRB is required to replicate performance characteristics of SBS. We are aware of CPG customers that are actively moving their business from CRB to SBS, a trend that we expect to continue at these price levels. Let me briefly discuss the most recent RISI reported price movements in SBS and the impact on our business. RISI reported a $100 per ton decrease in their SBS folding carton index during the fourth quarter.

From our vantage point, this change did not accurately reflect industry pricing, as our price declined by an average of only $21 per ton from Q3 to Q4 and not $100 per ton. While we disagree with RISI's latest reported decrease, we are faced with a $50,000,000 price headwind as a result. After the Augusta acquisition, approximately 40% of our volume is now tied to the RISI folding carton index, while 10% is tied to the RISI cup index. In total, including the latest fourth quarter RISI index change, we are faced with an approximately $70,000,000 pricing headwind in 2026 versus 2025.

While the most recent fourth quarter pricing movements were negative, RISI is projecting a recovery in both SBS operating rates and pricing in 2026.

Sloan Bohlen: Specifically,

Arsen Kitch: RISI is projecting operating rates to improve to 90%, with a price increase of $60 per ton in 2026 and a total of $130 per ton by 2027. If these projections were to hold, our margins would improve by more than 10% and get us back towards cross-cycle returns and cash flows. As I mentioned previously, this is a supply-driven downturn that is unsustainable. Specifically, we believe that supply now exceeds demand by about 400,000 to 500,000 tons, resulting in industry operating rates being around 10% below historical norms.

We believe that this is a temporary condition and that a combination of three factors will drive an improvement in the supply and demand balance and get us back to cross-cycle margins and cash flow. First, SBS demand is forecasted to grow in 2026, and we should benefit from substitutions. Second, imports are forecasted to decrease by 8% in 2026, while exports increase by 5%. And third, RISI has forecasted a net capacity reduction of 180,000 tons in 2026. With all these changes, RISI is forecasting industry operating rates to approach 90% by year-end. We believe that these factors will accelerate an improvement in industry conditions going forward.

While the industry environment remains challenging, we are focused on controlling the controllables and assessing our options. First, we continue to focus on running efficiently, reducing costs, and maintaining share with our long-standing strategic customers. Second, we recently announced a price increase to our customers of $60 per ton in our cup grades and $50 per ton for all other products. These increases are necessary to offset the cumulative impact of inflation over the last several years and to enable us to continue to invest in our assets. These increases impact approximately 50% of our volume that is not tied to the RISI price index.

The remaining 50% of our volume will move as industry price is reflected in the RISI price index. Lastly, we plan to balance Clearwater Paper Corporation’s supply with demand in 2026, which may include extended curtailments on our assets and variabilizing our costs whenever possible. In addition, we will look at our manufacturing assets to determine what actions we can take to reduce our costs further, improve our margins and cash flow. Let me wrap up with a few comments on our strategic efforts to diversify our product portfolio. We believe that these efforts will deepen our relationships with our converters and allow us to sell incremental volume.

We are preparing to launch VOLURA, a new lightweight paperboard product line in the second quarter. This brand incorporates mechanical pulp in the middle layer and is designed to compete with FBB, which represents approximately 10% of North American bleached paperboard demand. We have completed the engineering feasibility for a CUK investment at our Cypress Bend facility, with a cost now estimated at $60,000,000 with a 12 to 18 month execution timeline. We believe that annual CUK supply is roughly 2,000,000 tons in North America, of which 300,000 to 400,000 tons is currently sold to independent converters. With this investment, we believe that we can capture approximately 100,000 to 150,000 of these tons.

The remaining 200,000 tons of capacity at Cypress Bend would provide flexibility to meet bleached paperboard demand or target additional unbleached products such as white top. We believe that this project offers an attractive return and enhances our ability to manage through market cycles. We have not made the final decision on this project at this point. In addition, we are continuing to evaluate external options to add CRB to our portfolio, further diversifying our end market exposure. With that, I will turn the call over to Sherri to walk through our fourth quarter and full year financial results along with our first quarter outlook and full year assumptions.

Sherri Baker: Thank you, Arsen, and good afternoon, everyone. Let me start by sharing our results for the fourth quarter.

Sherri Baker: Net income from continuing operations was $3,000,000, or $0.20 per diluted share, including $17,000,000 of insurance proceeds. Net sales were $386,000,000, flat versus 2024, as higher shipments were offset by lower pricing. Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations was $20,000,000, above the midpoint of our guidance range of $13,000,000 to $23,000,000, driven by cost reduction efforts and $6,000,000 of insurance proceeds. We executed the Augusta maintenance outage successfully, $17,000,000 in total direct spending. SG&A remained below our targeted 6% to 7% range, reflecting our continued cost discipline. For the full year, net loss from continuing operations was $53,000,000, or $3.28 per diluted share, primarily driven by a non-cash goodwill impairment.

Net sales were $1,600,000,000, up 12% versus 2024, with higher shipments from our Augusta acquisition as well as growth from our existing customers. Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations was $107,000,000, up $71,000,000 year over year, driven by strong cost management leading to a $50,000,000 fixed cost reduction as well as higher volumes and lower input cost. Total major maintenance outage spending was $50,000,000, significantly lower than prior year due to improved planning and solid execution. Let me provide a few additional comments on the insurance recovery. As part of the Augusta acquisition, we obtained representation and warranty insurance with a coverage limit of $105,000,000. During integration, we identified matters inconsistent with representations made to us and notified the insurers accordingly.

In Q4, we received an initial settlement payment of $23,000,000, of which $6,000,000 is related to operating costs incurred in 2025. We have approximately $75,000,000 remaining of our $105,000,000 coverage limit and continue to work through the claims process with our carriers. Let us now turn to our outlook for the first quarter. We expect adjusted EBITDA of approximately breakeven for the quarter. We experienced operational disruptions and higher cost due to severe weather at our Odessa and Cypress Bend facilities in January and February. Our team was able to safely navigate this event without any long-term impact to our assets, and we are now back to running normally.

As a result of higher energy costs and impact on production, we incurred approximately $15,000,000 to $20,000,000 in incremental costs during the quarter. We expect flat to slightly lower paperboard shipments versus the fourth quarter. We expect $10,000,000 to $12,000,000 of lower pricing related to Q4 RISI movements, and $11,000,000 to $13,000,000 of lower maintenance expense versus Q4, as there are no major outages in the quarter. Turning now to our key assumptions for 2026, which include revenue of $1,400,000,000 to $1,500,000,000 with flat to modest shipment growth, approximately $70,000,000 in pricing headwind from 2025 carryover.

Importantly, our assumptions do not include any impact from our recently announced price increase or the latest RISI forecast on pricing and operating rate improvements. We expect our net productivity to offset 2% to 3% input cost inflation. Capital expenditures will be in the $65,000,000 to $75,000,000 range. We expect approximately $20,000,000 of working capital improvement, and we are planning to maintain SG&A at 6% to 7% of net sales. With that, I will turn the call back over to Arsen for closing remarks.

Arsen Kitch: Thanks, Sherri. To close, I want to emphasize that we operate high-quality assets, are executing well, and have long-standing strategic customer relationships. We took several difficult but significant actions in 2025, including reducing our overall workforce by more than 10%. This includes a reduction in our corporate SG&A headcount of around 40%. Our team is operating with a lean and disciplined mindset, intensely focused on results. We have a strong balance sheet with more than $400,000,000 of liquidity, which positions us to weather this supply-driven downturn. I remain confident that this cycle will turn and that we will return to cross-cycle EBITDA margins of 13% to 14% and generate more than $100,000,000 of annual free cash flow.

That said, today's margins and cash flow levels are not tenable for us for an extended period. This is a capital-intensive industry, and adequate returns are required to reinvest in these types of assets over the long term. Simply put, current margins are not sustainable for us. We are taking action, starting with recent price increases, being prepared to take market-related downtime to address our operating rates, assessing our costs and assets, and continuing to evaluate alternative uses of our capacity, including a CUK conversion. Above all, we will continue to make disciplined decisions that drive long-term shareholder value, supporting our customers, employees, and communities. Thank you for your time today. Operator, please open the line for questions.

Operator: We will now begin the question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press 1 on your telephone keypad. To withdraw your question, press 1 again. Please pick up your handset when asking a question. If you are muted locally, please remember to unmute your device. Please standby while we compile the Q&A roster.

Sloan Bohlen: Your first question comes from the line of Mike Roxland with Truist Securities.

Operator: Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Sloan Bohlen: Yeah. Thank you, Arsen and Sherri, for taking my questions.

Arsen Kitch: Mike, welcome to the call.

Sloan Bohlen: It is good to be here, and to the extent I could say in terms of trying to manage a very difficult environment, obviously there is a lot going on, a lot of moving pieces, and it is truly the efforts you are putting in terms of managing cost. You are seeing some of those benefits flow through, so good job in that regard. Also, I wanted to start on grade switching that you called out in your comments and in the slides, from CRB to SBS. You mentioned some of your customers are looking at that. Any color, or additional color, I should say, in terms of have you seen that in your own portfolio?

To the extent you can, how many tons have actually pursued that? Are you seeing more and more customers line up, particularly given the fact that SBS is now cheaper than the other two? So just any type of grade substitution that you are seeing would be very helpful. Thank you.

Arsen Kitch: Yep. Good question. Listen, we are in early days of this. We know customers are looking at this. They are facing a lot of cost pressure, just like everyone else. And right now, there is an arbitrage with SBS being priced lower than both CUK on a per ton basis and CRB on a per square foot basis. There is a lot of overlap in applications. Frankly, I think there are very few applications where you are not able to substitute. So I think we are in early days of this, but I know our customers are talking about it. We know competitors are talking about it. But I think we are still in early days of this.

This is not something that happens overnight. Got it.

Sloan Bohlen: Okay. And you mentioned that you expected, you cited RISI in terms of their forecast, the demand to improve. But what gives you confidence that demand will inflect this year? What are you hearing from your customers? Some of the comments at CAGNY were not so positive this week. General Mills just lowered their sales outlook for the year. So what gives you confidence that you are going to see this demand improvement? And if you do not see this demand improvement, how much additional capacity do you think has to come out of the market for things to balance accordingly?

Arsen Kitch: Yep. A few questions in there. First and foremost, I think paperboard has been in this volume recession now for a couple years, and a lot of it is, frankly, inflation and CPG and QSR companies not promoting and not driving as much innovation as they have historically. Every single CPG and QSR company that you listen to is now talking about growth and foot traffic and volume growth and share, so we think that is a positive sign. Inflation is slowing. That is another positive sign. There is some possible substitution. That is a positive sign. Our customers are generally optimistic as we head into 2026.

Now 2025, with call it zero shipping growth, and SBS was below our expectations, but SBS outperformed both CUK and CRB, and if you look at those shipments, they were down about 4% year over year. So right now, the forecast is call it maybe about a percent growth. We are seeing green shoots, but we need to see that translate into real volume.

Sloan Bohlen: Got it. Well, that is where I will turn it over. Just you mentioned taking extended curtailments if the situation does not improve given the backdrop. Have you made any concrete decisions in terms of mills, where, when, how long? Just any color you can provide around maintenance or extended downtime. Thank you.

Arsen Kitch: Yeah. It is a good question. We have not. We are obviously thinking about it. We think we will have a path forward by the end of Q2 and a strategy by the end of Q2. We have been balancing supply and demand over the last year or two, so that is not new news for us. But we have not spent much time trying to variabilize those costs. At this point, I think we need to look at it more in the longer run and see where we can actually take out costs as we think about these more extended curtailments. So more on this to come.

Sloan Bohlen: Got it. Thank you very much.

Operator: Your next question comes from Sean Steuart with TD Cowen. Your line is now open. You may go ahead.

Sloan Bohlen: I want to follow up.

Arsen Kitch: With the supply management piece of this, it sounds like you are biased towards taking rolling market-related downtime to supplement the maintenance schedule. It feels like the need here is more permanent or indefinite supply closures. It sounds like Smurfit WestRock has stepped up with something small. Any perspective on your portfolio machines that might make sense to curtail on a longer-term basis, and I guess just weighing the cost of permanent or indefinite closures versus this rolling downtime approach, which can be expensive. Any thoughts on that front? Yeah. Thanks, Sean. That is a great question. Listen, we have taken downtime over the last couple of years to balance our supply and demand. It was mostly inventory driven.

We have also taken a lot of cost out of our system. But there is still a fundamental issue with underutilized capacity within the industry and within Clearwater Paper Corporation. I am not prepared to talk about any specific decisions that we are or are not going to make. We need to look at further cost reductions, and we need to look at our assets and see what makes sense for us in the long run. As I mentioned in my comments, at these margin levels and these pricing levels, we are simply not earning enough cash or margin to be able to reinvest in our assets in the long run. We have ample liquidity. We can weather the storm.

The question just becomes what are the right decisions to make for the business. K. Got it. And on that liquidity position, it is healthy. I think the messaging last call was you would consider reengaging on buybacks when leverage ratios have come into at least closer to target ranges long term. Has that perspective changed at all? We have seen decent capitulation in your share price valuation on long-run metrics. Any perspective on appetite for buybacks into a much weaker share price of late?

Sherri Baker: Yeah. Thanks for the question. So first and foremost, we continue to prioritize investing in our assets and a strong balance sheet. Those are our top priorities to maintain and preserve both long-term viability and success. We will look at strategic capital in support of our potential CUK investment as a good example of this. And then third, we would look at share repurchases as another lever when we have better line of sight to more positive free cash flows.

Arsen Kitch: Okay. Thanks for that, Sherri.

Sloan Bohlen: That is all I have for now. Thanks.

Arsen Kitch: Thanks, Sean.

Operator: Your next question comes from Amit Prasad with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Arsen Kitch: Hey. It is Amit on for Matt. Just one quick

Sloan Bohlen: question for me. Thinking about input costs throughout the year,

Sean Steuart: is there any risk on the fiber cost side in Georgia and North Carolina with reduced pulpwood salvage harvest in there.

Sherri Baker: No. We have not identified any risk. We feel that we are in good shape from that perspective.

Arsen Kitch: I think if you look at inflation in general, we are expecting 2% to 3%. A lot of it is labor, some chemicals, maybe some wood, some transportation like rail. But I think we have enough productivity in the pipeline and carryover to be able to offset that, call it, $20,000,000 to $30,000,000 of inflation.

Sean Steuart: Okay. Perfect. Thanks for the color. And then one kind of cleanup question. On the working capital improvements, how should we think about the cadence of that $20,000,000? Should that be kind of evenly split throughout the year, or any other help there would be appreciated?

Sherri Baker: It will be heavily weighted towards the back half of the year.

Sean Steuart: Okay. Perfect. Thank you so much. That is all I had. I will turn it over.

Operator: Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. This concludes today's call. Thank you for attending. You may now disconnect.

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