Is Plug Power Stock a Buy?

Plug Power (NASDAQ: PLUG) has been a high-profile renewable energy company for more than a decade, hoping to transform how we use energy by making hydrogen fuel more available and cost-effective.

As big as the hydrogen opportunity is, however, the ride for investors has been volatile. Losses have grown despite improving revenue, and hopes for future profitability have been pushed off again and again. Is now a time to buy Plug Power stock or steer clear?

The Plug Power story

Plug Power's appeal to investors has always been about growth. In the mid-2010s, the growth was in materials handling. Then came opportunities in backup power, and recently the opportunity is in electrolyzers turning renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel.

For the most part, the growth story has played out according to plan, with revenue surging over 6,000% since 2000. But revenue doesn't tell the full story.

PLUG Revenue (TTM) data by YCharts

Growth without profits isn't sustainable, and Plug Power's losses are especially concerning.

Plug Power's biggest problem

Plug Power hasn't just lost money as it's grown -- losses have outpaced revenue. For each dollar in sales over the past year, the company has lost more than $2 in both net losses and negative free cash flow.

These are not the trends we should be seeing from Plug Power. And there's no end in sight to the losses.

PLUG Net Income (TTM) data by YCharts

In the first half of 2024, $145.1 million in equipment sales cost the company $265 million to produce. Power purchase agreements generated $38 million in revenue, but cost $109.5 million in cost of goods sold. Fuel delivered to customers cost $116.9 million to generate and resulted in just $48.2 million in revenue.

If a company can't make money on what it sells, before paying for operating costs, the business isn't sustainable.

And these losses aren't new or temporary. Plug Power has been promising it's close to adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) break-even for over a decade, which I highlighted as far back as 2017!

Keeping the story going

What Plug Power has successfully done is raise funds for more than two decades in order to pay for its growth plans. You can see the share count is up 34,800% since the late 1990s, while the share price is down 98.7%.

PLUG Average Diluted Shares Outstanding (Quarterly) data by YCharts

Burning cash is costly, and investors pay for it through share dilution. But without dilution, the company would have run out of cash long ago.

Plug Power isn't a buy now

Plug Power could keep this trend of share sales to fund growth going, but it now has debt on the balance sheet that makes the business riskier.

PLUG Total Long Term Debt (Annual) data by YCharts

It won't be as easy to raise the billions of dollars needed to fund operations in the future. And that's a big problem for Plug Power. Unless we see sustainable profits materialize, even a growth company can be uninvestable, and I think that's where Plug Power stands today.

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Travis Hoium has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.