Australian Dollar loses traction as US launches self-defence strikes on southern Iran
- AUD/USD loses ground to near 0.7165 in Tuesday’s Asian session.
- US military said it carried out new strikes on southern Iran.
- Traders brace for Australia’s April CPI inflation report, which is due on Wednesday.
The AUD/USD pair trades in negative territory around 0.7165 during the Asian trading hours on Tuesday. The Australian Dollar (AUD) declines against the US Dollar (USD) as renewed tensions between the US and Iran weigh on risk-sensitive currencies.
The US Central Command said on Monday that it launched new strikes on southern Iran, targeting Iranian missile sites and boats attempting to place mines, per BBC. The US military added that the strikes were taken in "self-defense" and were designed "to protect our troops from threats posed by Iranian forces.”
The attacks came as Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Esmail Baqai said some progress has been made in talks with the US, but a deal to end the conflict "is not imminent.” Uncertainty surrounding the US-Iran peace negotiations could boost a safe-haven currency such as the Greenback and drag the pair lower in the near term.
Australia’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation report will be released on Wednesday. The headline CPI is expected to show a rise of 4.4% YoY in April, compared to 4.6% in March. On a monthly basis, the CPI is projected to show an increase of 0.6% in April, versus 1.1%. Any signs of hotter inflation in Australia could lift the Aussie against the USD.
Australian Dollar FAQs
One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive.
China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs.
Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD.
The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.
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