Australian Dollar eases from highs as the impact from Trade Balance figures fade
- AUD/USD edges down from three-week lows at 0.7064 but maintains its near-term positive bias intact.
- Australian Trade Balance showed an unexpected surplus in June as commodity exports surged.
- The US Dollar is failing to find support from macroeconomic data this week.
The Australian Dollar (AUD) posts moderate losses against the US Dollar (USD) on Thursday, retreating to the 0.7040 area from three-week highs at 0.7064 on Wednesday. The pair, however, maintains its near-term bullish structure, with investors biding their time ahead of Friday’s key US Nonfarm payrolls report and awaiting clarity on the US-Iran negotiations.
Data from Australia released on Thursday was supportive, as June’s Trade Balance revealed an unexpected surplus, with commodity exports jumping to four-year highs. Australia’s foreign trade posted an AUD 1.929 million surplus, against expectations of an AUD 1.1 million deficit, and following a downwardly revised deficit of AUD 2.367 million in May.
In the US, on the contrary, the ADP Employment Change disappointed on Wednesday, showing 44K net employment creation in July, less than half of June’s 98K and well below the 70K market consensus. Later on Wednesday, the US ISM Services Purchasing Managers’ Index showed healthy growth, but also short of the market expectations, with prices jumping and employment falling.
Dollar bulls remain capped as markets eye US payrolls
ING’s FX strategists highlight that “news of a deal between Iran and Oman to open a safe shipping route in the Strait of Hormuz has kept the FX market in risk-on mode, favouring a rotation from the Dollar to higher-beta currencies.” However, they stress that “G10 moves have been contained this week, likely because tomorrow’s US payrolls report remains the key catalyst and a notoriously difficult one to predict,” keeping traders wary of aggressive positioning.
ING also points out that “markets are also waiting for the next headlines on US-Iran negotiations.” In their view, “there appears to be little pessimism left in FX markets, and positive headlines on that topic may not generate sustainable USD weakness.” With “payrolls looming tomorrow,” the bank expects that “a wait-and-see stance may keep volatility contained and the Dollar broadly range-bound.”
Australian Dollar FAQs
One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive.
China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs.
Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD.
The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.
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