Japanese Yen flattens against US Dollar while Fed’s policy takes centre stage
- USD/JPY flattens at around 163.75 in the countdown to the Fed’s monetary policy.
- The Fed and the BoJ are expected to hold interest rates steady.
- The BoJ will likely maintain hawkish monetary policy guidance.
The Japanese Yen (JPY) trades flat against the US Dollar (USD) at around 163.75 during the Asian trading session on Tuesday. The USD/JPY pair struggles for direction as investors have sidelined ahead of the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) monetary policy announcement on Wednesday.
At press time, the US Dollar Index (DXY), which gauges the Greenback’s value against six major currencies, trades marginally lower to near 101.46.
According to the CME FedWatch tool, traders see a 62% chance that the Fed will leave interest rates unchanged in the range of 3.50%-3.75%. The tool also shows a strong possibility of an interest rate hike in the September policy meeting.
Investors should not expect any guidance on the interest rate outlook in the monetary policy statement and Chairman Kevin Warsh’s press conference, as he clarified in the last meeting that “so-called forward guidance is not well-suited in the current policy juncture”.
Market participants would like to know for how long the United States (US) inflation will stay above the central bank’s 2% target.
On the Tokyo front, investors also await the Bank of Japan (BoJ) monetary policy announcement on Friday. The BoJ is expected to leave interest rates unchanged at 1% and deliver hawkish remarks on the monetary policy outlook.
Central banks FAQs
Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.
A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.
A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.
Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.
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