Euro consolidates near four-week top, above mid-1.1400s amid mixed Fed cues, geopolitics
- EUR/USD struggles to attract follow-through buying amid mixed fundamental cues.
- Receding Fed rate hike bets keep USD bulls on the defensive and support spot prices.
- Escalating US-Iran tensions and inflation fears help limit USD losses, capping the pair.
The EUR/USD pair holds steady above the 1.1450 level during the Asian session on Thursday and consolidates its strong gains registered over the past two days, to the highest level since June 18.
The US Dollar (USD) struggles to attract any meaningful buyers and languishes near a four-week low, touched on Wednesday following the release of the US Producer Price Index (PPI). In fact, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that the PPI unexpectedly fell 0.3% in June. This comes on top of a soft US Consumer Price Index (CPI) report on Tuesday and further prompts traders to trim their bets for an immediate rate hike by the US Federal Reserve (Fed). The outlook, in turn, keeps USD bulls on the defensive, which is seen as a key factor acting as a tailwind for the EUR/USD pair.
Meanwhile, the US-Iran conflict has intensified since the beginning of this week, with US forces launching a fresh round of airstrikes targeting Iranian missile and drone infrastructure on Wednesday. Tehran, on the other hand, has responded with retaliatory drone and missile attacks on US-linked military facilities across the region. Adding to this, the US naval blockade of Iranian ports and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz support elevated crude oil prices. This fuels concerns about energy-driven inflation and revives hawkish Fed expectations, limiting USD losses and capping the EUR/USD pair.
Traders now look forward to the US economic docket – featuring monthly Retail Sales, the Philly Fed Manufacturing Index, and the usual Weekly Initial Jobless Claims. This, along with speeches from influential FOMC members, would drive the USD demand and provide some impetus to the EUR/USD pair. Nevertheless, the aforementioned mixed fundamental backdrop warrants some caution before placing fresh bullish bets and positioning for any further appreciating move.
Euro FAQs
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
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