South Korean Won edges up against US Dollar as BoK hikes interest rates
- The South Korean Won ticks up against the US Dollar as BoK raises interest rates for the first time in three-and-a-half years.
- The BoK was expected to hike policy rates to counter persistent inflationary pressures.
- Traders have dialed down the Fed’s interest rate hike expectations as US inflation cools down.
The South Korean Won (KRW) reflects broader strength against the US Dollar (USD) as the Bank of Korea (BoK) delivers its first interest rate hike in three-and-a-half years, raising rates by 25 basis points (bps) to 2.75%. The USD/KRW pair gives back slight early gains and ticks down to near 1,484.68 in the Asian trade on Thursday.
The pair will likely remain firm as the BoK has kept the door open for further interest rate hikes, in an attempt to stabilize a slumping KRW and tame persistent price pressures. “We will respond until inflation stabilizes to BoK's target level,” BoK Governor Hyun-Song Shin said in a statement. Shin added, “Demand side price pressure may need careful monitoring as it can turn into stronger inflationary pressure if robust increase in Gross Domestic Income (GDI) sustained.”
The Asian currency has been outperforming the US Dollar for over two weeks, as market participants had already priced in an interest rate hike by the BoK.
Meanwhile, the US Dollar strives to regain ground after a sharp sell-off in the last two trading days. As of writing, the US Dollar Index (DXY), which gauges the Greenback’s value against six major currencies, trades marginally higher to near 100.50.
The USD Index fell sharply in the past two trading days as soft United States (US) inflation figures on both the retail and the wholesale level have forced traders to reconsider Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate expectations.
According to the CME FedWatch tool, the odds of the Fed delivering an interest rate hike in the July meeting have dropped significantly to 10.2% from 31% recorded a week ago.
US Dollar FAQs
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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