United States Dollar Index holds ground on safe-haven demand
- The US Dollar Index steadies as Trump’s refusal to renew the Iran deal and naval blockades elevate global geopolitical tensions.
- Weak payrolls and modest inflation data reduce Fed rate hike bets.
- CME FedWatch shows Fed rate hike expectations falling to 35% for the September meeting, down from 47% last month.
The US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the value of the US Dollar (USD) against six major currencies, is inching higher after three days of losses and trading around 99.60 during the Asian hours on Tuesday. The DXY receives minor support from safe-haven demand, which could be attributed to the geopolitical tensions between the United States (US) and Iran.
US President Donald Trump announced he has no interest in renewing the expiring agreement with Iran, citing the ongoing naval blockade of Iranian ports as evidence of Washington's leverage and reiterating his idea of declaring the critical waterway as US territory under total American control. Moreover, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmail Baghaei asserted that an agreement remains elusive due to security complexities and the "obstructionist behavior of destructive elements," demanding that the US first lift its blockade.
The Greenback may face challenges as hawkish sentiment surrounding the Federal Reserve (Fed) policy outlook fades. A recent, unexpected decline in July US Nonfarm Payrolls, combined with last week's modest consumer price inflation data, has significantly reduced market anticipation of an interest rate increase next month. Consequently, expectations for a Fed rate hike at the upcoming policy meeting have dropped to 35%, down from 47% a month earlier, according to the CME FedWatch Tool.
Strategists at Scotiabank report that the "USD got roughed up a bit last week and Dollar trends continue to soften broadly on Monday," pushing the DXY "just below the base of the August consolidation range and to the lowest point since early June." They note that "soft US data reports are dampening Fed tightening expectations" and argue that "the 25bps of tightening still priced in by year-end is too much from our perspective." At the same time, Scotiabank highlights "clear signs of market angst about US fiscal dynamics," a concern they say is "reflected in the steepening US yield curve."
Technical Analysis:
United States Dollar Index Spot trades around 99.60, maintaining a bearish near-term bias as price holds beneath both the nine-period exponential moving average (EMA) at 99.79 and the 50-period EMA at 100.21. The configuration of short- and medium-term EMAs above spot suggests the index remains capped, while the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 37.51 stays below the midline, hinting at lingering downside pressure despite a lack of outright oversold readings.
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool. Know more.)
US Dollar FAQs
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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