Euro struggles as rising hawkish Fed tone lifts USD
- EUR/USD falls as a firm US Dollar gained support from rising expectations of a hawkish Federal Reserve stance.
- President Trump will swear in Kevin Warsh as the US Federal Reserve chair on Friday at the White House.
- The Euro fell as flash PMI data showed the Euro Area economy shrinking at its fastest pace since late 2023.
EUR/USD remains subdued for the second successive day, trading around 1.1610 during the Asian hours on Friday. The pair depreciates as the US Dollar (USD) remains firm, supported by rising odds of hawkish sentiment surrounding the Federal Reserve (Fed) policy stance.
Prolonged energy disruptions from the ongoing war threaten to feed into core US consumer prices and inflation expectations, which could potentially push the Fed to keep interest rates higher. Furthermore, a stronger US economic growth outlook is adding weight to the case for monetary tightening and boosting the Greenback.
Fed officials remain cautious as they evaluate whether to adjust short-term interest rates. While they are currently holding the federal funds rate steady, policymakers are moving away from the idea of rate cuts and are increasingly open to raising rates if inflation fails to cool down.
The administration of US President Donald Trump announced that Trump will swear in Kevin Warsh as the chair of the US Federal Reserve on Friday at the White House. The new chair succeeds Jerome Powell, whose term expired on Friday but who has continued to serve on a pro-tempore basis until the transition.
On the US data front, the Department of Labor (DOL) showed that Initial Jobless Claims fell by 3,000 to 209,000 during the second week of May, indicating continued resilience in the labor market. Meanwhile, Continuing Jobless Claims increased to 1,782,000 for the week ending May 9, up from 1,776,000 the previous week.
The Euro (EUR) struggles against the US Dollar (USD) as traders reacted to a surprising contraction in the Eurozone economy. According to the latest S&P Global flash PMI data release on Thursday, the Euro Area economy shrank in May at its fastest pace since late 2023, driven by a conflict-fueled surge in living costs that stifled service demand and pushed input price inflation to a three-year high.
Market attention now shifts to upcoming German economic indicators, including the June GfK Consumer Confidence Survey, Q1 GDP figures, and the IFO Business Survey.
Euro FAQs
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
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