West Fraser (WFG) Q3 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

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DATE

Thursday, October 23, 2025 at 11:30 a.m. ET

CALL PARTICIPANTS

President and Chief Executive Officer — Sean McLaren

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer — Christopher Virostek

Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing — Matt Tobin

Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Development — Robert Winslow

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RISKS

The company reported negative $144 million of adjusted EBITDA in Q3 2025, including a $67 million out-of-period duty expense.

Continued soft demand in both new home construction and repair and remodeling markets was noted as a persistent headwind.

The sequential decline in lumber segment adjusted EBITDA, from $15 million in Q2 2025 to negative $123 million in Q3, was attributed to both lower pricing and duty expenses.

Cash balance decreased to $212 million from $310 million in the prior quarter, reflecting lower earnings, significant capital expenditures, and shareholder returns.

TAKEAWAYS

Adjusted EBITDA -- Negative $144 million of adjusted EBITDA, reflecting sustained industry weakness and the impact of a $67 million out-of-period duty expense.

Lumber Segment Adjusted EBITDA -- Negative $123 million of adjusted EBITDA, a decrease from $15 million sequentially, driven primarily by lower prices and duties.

North America EWP Segment Adjusted EBITDA -- Negative $15 million of adjusted EBITDA, a drop from $68 million sequentially, mainly due to lower OSB prices.

Pulp and Paper Segment Adjusted EBITDA -- Negative $6 million of adjusted EBITDA, compared to negative $1 million in Q2 2025, primarily due to Cariboo maintenance.

Europe Segment Adjusted EBITDA -- $1 million of adjusted EBITDA, roughly flat to the prior quarter's $2 million.

Cash Flow from Operations -- $58 million in cash flow from operations for the third quarter, with net cash standing at $212 million at quarter end.

Capital Expenditures -- $90 million of capital expenditures in the third quarter, alongside approximately $65 million in share buybacks and dividends.

Available Liquidity -- Nearly $1.6 billion of available liquidity remained accessible, supporting a positive net cash position.

Shipments Guidance -- Top end reduced for both SPF and SYP shipment guidance for 2025, while North American and EU OSB guidance remains unchanged.

CapEx Guidance -- CapEx guidance for 2025 reaffirmed at a range of $400 million to $450 million.

Softwood Lumber Duties -- New U.S. AR6 CVD and ADD rates finalized at a combined 26.5% for 2023; West Fraser retains the lowest rate among Canadian peers.

Section 232 Tariffs -- Effective October 14, 2025, a new 10% tariff applies to imported softwood timber and lumber, in addition to existing duties.

Production Curtailments -- Q4 operating rate for lumber implied at 75%-80%, reflecting 20%-25% curtailment of 2025 shipment base capacity.

Permanent Capacity Reduction -- 820 million board feet removed in 2022, 2023, and 2024, representing about 12% of the company's pre-action lumber capacity.

Pulp Mills Divested -- Three pulp mills sold for $124 million in 2024, with focus shifting to higher-quality lumber and OSB assets.

Inventory Management -- Lean inventories maintained in both SYP and SPF lumber as a precaution in uncertain market conditions.

European Segment Incident -- The Cowie facility was repaired and operational prior to quarter's end after fire-related downtime.

SUMMARY

Management cited major sequential adjusted EBITDA declines in the lumber and North America EWP segments, primarily due to lower product pricing and tariff impacts, while the Pulp and Paper segment decline was mainly due to Cariboo maintenance. Capital allocation strategy prioritized maintaining high liquidity, continuing countercyclical investments, and returning capital despite lower operating cash flow. Recent trade policy changes resulted in the addition of a 10% Section 232 tariff on softwood imports to the United States, which applies atop existing duties, effective October 14, 2025. Leadership reinforced ongoing optimization of the asset portfolio through capacity reductions and selective acquisitions. Company guidance confirmed narrowed output forecasts for SPF and SYP lumber for 2025 and highlighted lower expected utilization rates, with an implied operating rate of around 80% in Q4.

Chief Financial Officer Virostek stated, "the way that we have the balance sheet we have flexibility to pursue our -- the strategy that we've always had, and growth has always been part -- inorganic growth has always been part of the company's DNA."

President McLaren explained that curtailing capacity and asset closures "account for 820 million board feet, representing approximately 12% of the company's lumber capacity prior to the actions taken."

Chief Financial Officer Virostek said, with the shipment guide that is out there, that would imply an operating rate of somewhere around 80% in Q4.

Management signaled that further CapEx guidance for 2026 will be provided in February, following heavy investment periods over recent years.

The company remains "agile and ready to respond" according to Sean McLaren on U.S.-Canada softwood lumber duties.

INDUSTRY GLOSSARY

SPF: Spruce-Pine-Fir lumber, a wood product category common in Canadian and northern U.S. forestry operations.

SYP: Southern Yellow Pine lumber, representing a major segment in the southeastern U.S. wood products market.

OSB: Oriented Strand Board, an engineered wood panel product used in construction.

Adjusted EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, as adjusted for significant non-recurring or non-cash items.

CVD and ADD: Countervailing Duty and Anti-Dumping Duty, both are trade tariffs imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries.

Section 232 Tariffs: U.S. national security-related import tariffs, in this case applying a 10% duty to softwood timber and lumber imports.

Cariboo maintenance shut: A scheduled, large-scale maintenance closure of West Fraser's Cariboo Pulp facility, affecting output and costs during the period.

Full Conference Call Transcript

Sean McLaren: Thank you, Inna. Good morning, and thank you for joining our third quarter 2025 Earnings Call. I am Sean McLaren, President and CEO of West Fraser. And joining me on the call today are Chris Virostek, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Matt Tobin, Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing; and other members of our leadership team. On the earnings call this morning, I will begin with a brief overview of West Fraser's Q3 2025 financial results and then pass the call to Chris for additional comments before I share some thoughts on our outlook and offer concluding remarks.

West Fraser posted negative $144 million of adjusted EBITDA in the third quarter of 2025 as we continue to operate within an extended cycle trough. Of note, this quarter included a $67 million out-of-period duty expense related to the finalization of Administrative Review 6 or AR6. New home construction remained relatively stable during the period, albeit at uninspiring levels, with annualized U.S. housing starts averaging just 1.31 million units through August on a rolling 3-month seasonally-adjusted basis as mortgage and interest rates continue to present headwinds to U.S. housing demand and affordability. And as we've noted for several quarters, repair and remodeling demand was subdued once again this quarter.

Despite the tough Q3, our balance sheet continues to demonstrate strength as we exited the quarter with nearly $1.6 billion of available liquidity and a healthy cash position that remains positive net of debt. A strong balance sheet and liquidity profile, along with our investment-grade rating remain key elements of our defensive capital allocation strategy, which allows us to invest in our business countercyclically and take advantage of investment opportunities if and when they arise. With that brief overview, I'll now turn the call to Chris for additional detail and comments.

Christopher Virostek: Thank you, Sean. And a reminder that we report in U.S. dollars and all my references are to U.S. dollar amounts, unless otherwise indicated. The lumber segment posted adjusted EBITDA of negative $123 million in the third quarter, inclusive of the previously mentioned $67 million out-of-period duty expense. This is in comparison to $15 million of adjusted EBITDA reported in the second quarter with the sequential change driven largely by lower pricing and the AR6 duty expense. Of note, operations at our old Henderson site are winding down and the new mill is entering its commissioning phase.

Our North America EWP segment posted negative $15 million of adjusted EBITDA in the third quarter, down from $68 million in the second quarter, with the sequential change largely driven by lower OSB pricing. The Pulp and Paper segment posted negative $6 million of adjusted EBITDA in the third quarter compared to negative $1 million in the second quarter, with the sequential change largely attributable to Cariboo Pulp's annual maintenance shut that occurred in the third quarter. Prior to and following the maintenance outage, we are seeing improved operating performance from Cariboo Pulp in terms of daily output.

Finally, our Europe business generated $1 million of adjusted EBITDA in the third quarter similar to the $2 million reported in the second quarter. In terms of our overall Q3 results, lower product prices for our lumber and North American OSB products were the largest contributing to tractors as compared to Q2. We were also buffeted by a number of major maintenance activities during the quarter, most significantly the Cariboo maintenance shut. Cash flow from operations was $58 million in the third quarter with our net cash balance at $212 million, down from $310 million in the prior quarter.

The relative decrease in our net cash balance reflects lower earnings offset by -- in part by a reduction of working capital plus the impact of $90 million of capital expenditures and approximately $65 million of cash deployed towards share buybacks and dividends. In terms of our 2025 shipments guidance, with the demand softness, we continue to experience across our lumber product portfolio, we are narrowing our outlook by reducing the top end of the guidance range for both SPF and SYP 2025 shipments, while maintaining the North American OSB and EU OSB shipment guides for 2025. We are also confirming our 2025 CapEx guidance range of $400 million to $450 million.

All updated views on our 2025 outlook are presented on Slide 8. Regarding softwood lumber duties. Earlier in the third quarter, the U.S. Department of Commerce released final CVD and ADD rates for AR6 which are based on the year 2023. These rates were largely as we had anticipated and at a combined rate of 26.5%. West Fraser has the lowest duty rate in the Canadian industry. More recently, the U.S. administration issued a proclamation that imposed Section 232 tariffs of 10% on imported softwood timber and lumber into the U.S., which came into effect on October 14, 2025. This tariff is in addition to the existing softwood lumber duties.

With that financial overview, I'll pass the call back to Sean.

Sean McLaren: Thank you, Chris. Looking forward, we continue to monitor macroeconomic conditions complicated by shifting trade policies. Despite such a backdrop, the company remains well positioned to navigate the dynamic and difficult business environment we face today, backstopped by a strong financial position. As a reminder, we acted early in this down cycle, optimizing our portfolio of assets to create a more resilient company. This included permanently removing 170 million board feet of capacity in our Canadian lumber business in 2022 and 650 million board feet of capacity in 2023 and 2024, through the permanent or indefinite closure of 5 of our leased economic lumber mills in the U.S. and Canada.

Combined, these capacity removals account for 820 million board feet, representing approximately 12% of the company's lumber capacity prior to the actions taken. Considering our shipment guidance for 2025, our implied Q4 operating rate reflects the curtailment of approximately 20% to 25% of that capacity. Furthermore, we divested 3 pulp mills for $124 million in 2024 and acquired high-quality lumber and OSB assets. In the aggregate all these actions to high-grade the portfolio have made us better at the bottom of the cycle. Going forward, we will continue to take this approach of managing our asset portfolio to do what is both prudent for the long term and necessary in the short term.

Also expect us to continue to be flexible in our operating strategy, meeting the needs of our customers and operationalizing the benefits of our strategic capital to drive down costs, all while keeping our focus on a safe working environment for our employees. We are wrapping up a number of capital projects that have been in progress during the current market and expect the start of these projects will continue to lower cost as they are operationalized.

We will also continue to pursue a balanced capital allocation strategy that includes investment in value-enhancing projects, pursuit of opportunistic investments in growth, and the return of capital to shareholders as we leverage the competitive advantage of our balance sheet strength and available liquidity. In terms of our more general medium- to longer-term outlook, we will continue to lean on our industry knowledge and experience to make the decisions that we believe will not only keep the company resilient in the trough of the cycle, but will also allow the company to be better prepared for the next industry demand recovery whenever that may be.

North American support lumber supply has been trending lower in recent years, with a material proportion of that capacity closed permanently due to factors including high-cost fiber supply, legacy technology, shrinking residual markets and now more recently, increased duties and tariffs. When lumber supply demand dynamics eventually find balance and demand cyclically improves, we expect our ability to add material new supply will face the same significant obstacles, access to economically viable fiber, high capital costs that challenge returns on investment and long-term viable outlets for residual products. Shifting briefly to tariffs.

Regardless of what may happen on this front, as we have said before, we continue to monitor the Canada-U.S. trade situation closely and remain agile and ready to respond as needed, and we will continue to work closely with our federal and provincial governments to support discussions when called upon as they relate to softwood lumber. In closing, at West Fraser, we aim to deliver strong financial results through the business cycle. We achieved this leveraging our product and geographic diversity, modern, well-capitalized assets and the dedication of our people and culture rooted in cost discipline and a commitment to operate responsibly and sustainably. We remain steadfast in the strategy.

Although we continue to have a challenged near-term outlook, we are optimistic about the longer-term prospects for our industry and for West Fraser, and we look forward to continuing to build one of the world's leading sustainable buildings products companies. Thank you. And with that, we'll turn the call back to the operator for questions.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Ketan Mamtora from BMO Capital Markets.

Ketan Mamtora: Maybe to start with and recognizing that this is a pretty tough backdrop right now. I'm just curious sort of your approach to managing production in both lumber and North America OSB, particularly in this environment, which increasingly looks like that demand is likely to remain soft here in the near term. Can you sort of just give us some part on sort of how do you approach sort of managing production, particularly as we are looking at sort of another year where EBITDA could be kind of negative in lumber?

Sean McLaren: Ketan, happy to touch on that. And maybe I'll just start with -- by reinforcing a few things that -- the actions we took early in the cycle, which we're closing permanently or indefinitely a number of our mills adjusting our shift configurations. And we have remained nimble in our lumber portfolio against after those actions. And as sort of -- you have seen in our guidance as the year has unfolded. So we maintain in both of our main -- all of our product lines, but in particular, lumber and OSB, a variable kind of operating strategy that first runs to our economics and our customer demand needs.

So that's how we manage that, and we make those decisions all the time within our platform.

Ketan Mamtora: Understood. And then on OSB, what was sort of the implied Q4 operating rate looked like based on what you all have discussed. You talked about sort of 25% temporary curtailment in lumber. How does that look like in...

Sean McLaren: Yes. I'll let Chris touch on that one.

Christopher Virostek: Yes. I think, Ketan, as you'll recall, I think when we've discussed this before, right, Q4 is always very heavy for us on maintenance shuts. We strategically take that maintenance downtime in Q4 because it is a weaker seasonal period. So I think our -- with the shipment guide that is out there, that would imply an operating rate of somewhere around 80% in the fourth quarter.

Ketan Mamtora: Understood. And then just last one from me. On the balance sheet side, clearly, the balance sheet is very strong. You've got a net cash position. Curious about sort of how you think about M&A opportunity in this kind of down cycle at the moment? And where do you think you've got the most opportunity for inorganic growth?

Christopher Virostek: Yes. Sure. I'll jump in there, and then Sean, you can add if you like. I think we're very consistent the last several years in how we've talked about M&A. And for us, it's quality first, right? And I think clearly, an environment like we're in today necessitates that -- it just shows how important that quality-first approach is around all those things that Sean mentioned that are challenges, whether that's residual supply or asset quality or workforce availability or timber availability.

So I think the way that we have the balance sheet we have flexibility to pursue our -- the strategy that we've always had, and growth has always been part -- inorganic growth has always been part of the company's DNA going back decades. So -- but we're going to be guided first and foremost by quality and things that make the company stronger. And I think you can see that certainly in the actions that we've taken over the last several years where we've added to the portfolio, it's been very selective and high quality, and we've also removed things from the portfolio that we don't think make us stronger at the bottom of the cycle.

So I think that will be the guide as to what we consider as opportunities is there's got to be -- we got to be satisfied with the quality that's out there. Sean?

Mark Wilde: No, that's perfect, Chris, all quality and enhancing our strength at the bottom of the cycle. Those are the priorities as we think about what might be next for West Fraser.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of Ben Isaacson from Scotiabank.

Ben Isaacson: Just two questions for me. Sean, I think last conference call, so 3 months ago, the federal government was starting to talk about a possible support and conversations around that when it comes to lumber. So it's been 3 months and things have not really improved in terms of the macro backdrop. Can you talk about what you're willing to share in terms of how those conversations are going and how federal support for lumber is starting to stack up.

Sean McLaren: I can't remember, I don't have the exact date in front of me. I believe it was in early August, and it was in British Columbia, which was encouraging at a small business in -- a small lumber business for the premier rolled out some different support measures. I don't have all the details are all in the public domain, but they were providing some level of support for the industry, some level of funding for exploring different markets. But that would all be in the public domain. I think we, as a mandatory responded, we continue to and frankly, with a balance sheet that we -- that remains strong.

We continue to support those measures for the industry with the government. And at the same time, are kind of maintaining our own balance sheets, which is reinforcing our operations. So I probably wouldn't add more than that Ben.

Ben Isaacson: Okay. That's fair. And then just a second question is perhaps for you or for Matt. With respect to your own customers that you talk to regularly, can you give some kind of sense in terms of how many months or days or weeks of inventory is in the U.S. channel, again, when it comes to your customers only relative to normal conditions for mid-October.

Sean McLaren: Go ahead there, Matt.

Matt Tobin: Sure. I can answer that. I would say we don't really have visibility into our customer supply chain or their inventory levels. What I can speak to is our inventory levels and they're lean in both SYP and SPF which has been intentional in this uncertain market to run our inventories lean.

Ben Isaacson: Okay. So just to be clear, I mean, from the rate of reorder, you don't have a sense as to -- in terms of planning when your customers are going to come back and what their needs will be in the next kind of 2 to 3 months.

Matt Tobin: No, I'd say they're buying as their needs come to them, and we're ready to service them in whatever regions they're in. But I would say no fundamental change or visibility to their inventory levels.

Sean McLaren: One thing I might add to that, Ben, is our customers are -- products readily available. So they're buying what they need as they need it. And I think our guidance would -- we're maintaining our inventories in a below average position. And so our guidance would -- things are flowing through based on that guidance.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Sean Steuart from TD Cowen.

Sean Steuart: Sean, I want to follow up on the M&A question, and I appreciate your comments around all the assets and building strength at the bottom of the cycle. I guess the follow-on is, we're 3 years into this lumber downturn in North America. Have you seen more opportunities coming to the surface. And if so, would those opportunities include the types of assets you're looking for? I guess I'm trying to gauge what the opportunity set looks like now and how that's changed over the last 3 to 6 months.

Sean McLaren: Sean, probably not -- I think we maybe had this question on a prior call. Probably not a lot of change this year. I think there -- what you typically see is early in an upswing as people are thinking about if a quality asset to sell, people would then maybe look to market that. And then I would say in the pipeline, I don't think there's anything any more than normal and for sure, higher quality assets typically are being held to a better time to market them. So all those things saying that we wouldn't be -- there wouldn't be anything that is jumping out today, that is high quality and available that fit.

Sean Steuart: And I also wanted to follow up with your comments on North American supply management on the lumber side and appreciating you've done a lot of work on permanent and indefinite closures over the last 3 years. Is a part of the decision making for you at this point in the cycle, we're arguably closer to the end of this downturn than the start at this point, hopefully. Is there reluctance to take more permanent or indefinite shuts at this point when maybe we can see the light at the end of the tunnel as affordability headwinds start to ease.

Is that part of the thinking and the thought process when you're gauging sort of rolling downtime versus further definite or permanent closures.

Sean McLaren: Yes. No, it's a good question. I think we always look at it against the backdrop of how is that asset holding up during the current down cycle, and do we have a clear path for the next down cycle. And we make kind of decisions against that backdrop, it's really hard to predict. I mean, I agree with your comments that hopefully, we're here closer to the end than in the middle or the beginning, but we really don't know that. So I think we always have to really challenge ourselves, especially in this environment.

Is there a better operating model that lowers our cost here at the -- and makes us more competitive at the bottom of the cycle. And I would look across our SPF business, Southern Yellow Pine, OSB major business lines and volume is coming out of those businesses and costs are lower. So that's really the way we look at all those decisions and -- but they really -- every asset gets pressure tested in this environment.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of Matthew McKellar from RBC Capital Markets. .

Matthew McKellar: I appreciate all the details so far. First from me, could you maybe just share with us how conditions in the Canadian markets have evolved in the last few months, is there anything to call out in terms of differences with the band between the U.S. and Canada? And then are you seeing any of your competitors behave any differently in the Canadian market since higher U.S. duties or the tariffs took effect?

Matt Tobin: Yes, I can take that. I would say that the Canadian market remains competitive. It's a much smaller market than the U.S. market. So while it's an important market for us and we service those customers, it generally doesn't drive demand. And I would say it remains competitive just with where we are in the cycle and all the other things you've mentioned going on, but I would say nothing unusual, just having to compete every day to service our customers in that market.

Matthew McKellar: And then just a couple of cleanups. If we're in an improved, but still, relatively soft wood products market next year, how should we be thinking about CapEx? I appreciate that Henderson will fade year-over-year. How does that evolve into '26 in your view? And second would be just the fire of the Cowie facility, can you help us understand what the state of that facility is today?

Christopher Virostek: Sure. Yes. Thanks. So on CapEx, as we look forward, I think as we said in the comments, right, like we've spent a lot of capital. And I think that's one of the advantages of our strong balance sheet is we've been able to be durable with our capital allocation strategy and invest for the future in what have been pretty difficult market in the last couple of years, considering that, as Sean said, we're wrapping up a lot of fairly major projects here, and our focus is shifting to operationalizing those. So I think you can sort of think about what that means relative to 2026. We'll be out in February with our 2026 CapEx guidance.

We have had 2 pretty busy years with big projects going on. With respect to Cowie, I think, flagged in the materials, right, that incident happened about 5 weeks before the end of the quarter. Facility has been repaired back up and running, and I think we're pretty pleased with what we're starting to see in the European segment in terms of maybe some green shoots of things starting to turn around there.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] And your next question comes from the line of Hamir Patel from CIBC Capital Markets.

Hamir Patel: Sean, we don't have access to the U.S. trade data at the moment during the shutdown. But on the ground, are you seeing any signs of European lumber imports increasing just given that their competitive position has improved relative to Canada with all the duty and tariff changes since August.

Sean McLaren: Ask Matt, if there's -- I don't think we have a lot of visibility to that, Hamir, without the data coming in. But Matt, would you add anything to that?

Matt Tobin: No, I'd say like you said, not a lot of visibility and no meaningful change that we can see in them.

Hamir Patel: Okay. Fair enough. And I just want to ask in Europe, if you have any comments on -- with respect to OSB demand, how things are faring on both the new res and R&R side?

Sean McLaren: Yes. And Chris sort of touched on that as unfortunate incident at Cowie, our team did an excellent job of making the repairs and getting the mill back up and running and it kind of shadowed that event really did shadow some progress in Europe, and we are seeing -- hard to say how much is kind of demand driven, some of it still may be supply driven, but kind of sequentially quarter-over-quarter, we are seeing some price improvement in OSB and seeing some demand improvement there. So we're looking more optimistically in Europe over the next few quarters, and we'll see how all that unfolds.

Operator: And we have a follow-up question from Mr. Sean Steuart from TD Cowen.

Sean Steuart: Chris, you guys have done a good job on working capital management. And yes, I appreciate the seasonality in Q1 you'll update big log deck builds in Canada. Can you speak generally though, to, I guess, the changes you've made in terms of how you're managing working capital, over the mid- to long-term room for more reductions there, ability to pull more cash out of that, just broader perspective on how you're thinking about that item.

Christopher Virostek: Yes. Look, I got to give a lot of kudos to the operations teams across the company on this front, right? I think it spans all elements of the working capital, we manage our credit and receivables very tightly, while still maintaining good relationships with our customers. The cycle there is pretty short. I think as Matt indicated in his comments, in many of our businesses were at or below target levels and operating with fairly lean inventories, which, look, presents some challenges from time to time in terms of filling orders. But the teams are doing a remarkable job of managing through that and learning how to operate with lower inventories.

And then lots of work, I'll say, going on in terms of on the procurement side as well as vendors and vendor selection and things like that. So say it spans all aspects of this. And I'd say it's not just something that because of the environment that we're in, that it's getting any more focus than it ordinarily does, think the teams work hard on this stuff all the time. They're probably tired of hearing me talk about working capital. But it's really been, I think, a source of strength for us here in the last while, really releasing on, frankly, all aspects of the balance sheet, and it helps run a more efficient and effective business.

So what does that translate into going forward? Hard to say on the way out, but I think some great learnings across the business and a deep focus on strong execution.

Operator: And there are no further questions at this time. I will now hand the call back to Mr. Sean McLaren for any closing remarks.

Mark Wilde: Thank you, Inna. As always, Chris and I are available to respond to further questions as is Robert Winslow, our Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Development. Thank you for participation today. Stay well, and we look forward to reporting on our progress next quarter.

Operator: And this concludes today's call. Thank you for participating. You may all disconnect.

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