Korean Investors Cashed Out This Year, BOK Says: Global Implications

The Bank of Korea’s latest Financial Stability Report reveals a significant behavioral shift among Korean crypto investors—from aggressive accumulation to strategic profit-taking, raising questions about the impact on global market dynamics.

This means that, even as Bitcoin surged past $100,000 this year, Korean investors have been cashing out rather than doubling down.

Korea’s Outsized Trading Activity Shows Signs of Cooling

South Korea has long punched above its weight in global cryptocurrency markets. Despite representing a fraction of the world’s population, Korean won (KRW) trading pairs have consistently ranked among the top two fiat currencies globally by volume, often rivaling or exceeding the U.S. dollar during peak periods.

But the BOK’s report suggests a notable change in investor behavior. While Korea’s crypto turnover rate remains elevated at 156.8%—significantly higher than the global average of 111.6%—the nature of that activity has shifted. Rather than chasing rallies, Korean retail investors are now taking profits during the 2025 bull market.

“The domestic crypto market shows high turnover rates as most participants are individual investors who tend to realize gains through short-term trading,” the central bank noted.

Concentration Risks and Market Structure Concerns

The report highlights a striking level of market concentration: the top 10% of investors accounted for 91.2% of total trading volume between 2024 and June 2025, according to Financial Supervisory Service data. This concentration raises concerns about potential price manipulation by a small number of players.

Korea’s unique regulatory environment—which effectively bars corporate participation and prohibits foreign investors from trading on domestic exchanges—has created a market dominated almost entirely by retail traders. The absence of professional market makers has also led to liquidity constraints, as evidenced by Tether’s 5x spike on Bithumb during the October market downturn.

The Global Ripple Effect

When Korean traders pull back, global markets notice. Historical data shows that during the 2017 and 2021 bull runs, Korean exchanges like Upbit and Bithumb frequently ranked among the top in global volume. The so-called “Kimchi Premium“—where Korean crypto prices traded above international benchmarks—served as a reliable indicator of retail euphoria.

The current shift to profit-taking behavior may have contributed to the more measured pace of the 2025 rally compared to previous cycles. With Korean retail investors no longer providing the same level of aggressive bid support, global order books have lost a significant source of buying pressure during key accumulation phases.

The shift is not happening in a vacuum. The BOK’s previous report has attributed the domestic crypto slowdown to a booming local stock market. The KOSPI surged by more than 70% year to date to become the world’s top-performing major index, driven by AI-related stocks such as Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix.

Daily trading volumes on major Korean crypto platforms have collapsed by over 80% compared to 2024 peaks, as local investors redirect capital toward equities and US leveraged ETFs. “Where did all the Korean retail investors in the crypto circle go? Answer: To the stock market next door,” analyst AB Kuai Dong observed.

Diverging Paths: Korea vs. Global Institutional Adoption

The contrast with global market trends is stark. While Korea remains retail-dominated, international markets have undergone rapid institutionalization since the SEC approved spot Bitcoin ETFs in January 2024. These products have attracted over $54 billion in net inflows, with BlackRock’s IBIT alone amassing more than $50 billion in assets under management.

The BOK report acknowledges this divergence, noting that global crypto markets have become increasingly correlated with traditional equities—particularly during periods of macroeconomic stress or monetary policy shifts. Bitcoin’s correlation with the S&P 500 has risen notably since 2020, driven by institutional participation, corporate treasury adoption, and the proliferation of ETFs.

Korea’s market, by contrast, remains relatively insulated from these global dynamics. The central bank attributes this to high retail investor concentration, liquidity constraints, and capital controls that limit arbitrage opportunities.

What Comes Next: Institutionalization on the Horizon

The report suggests that Korea’s market peculiarities may diminish as regulatory reforms proceed. The government permitted non-profit corporations to sell crypto assets starting in June and has since allowed professional investors to trade on a trial basis. Discussions are also ongoing regarding the approval of a spot Bitcoin ETF.

The BOK projects that allowing financial institutions and foreign investors to participate could help establish proper market-making mechanisms and ease liquidity constraints. Increased institutional participation would likely reduce trading volume volatility and lower turnover rates over time.

However, the central bank also warns of potential risks. “When corporate and foreign investors with superior information and capital enter the market, domestic crypto prices may become more sensitive to supply-demand shifts,” the report cautioned, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring during the transition.

The Bottom Line

Korea’s crypto market is at an inflection point. The shift from aggressive buying to profit-taking signals a maturing investor base, but it also removes a key source of global market momentum. As institutional frameworks develop and regulatory barriers fall, Korea’s influence on global crypto dynamics may evolve from raw retail volume to more sophisticated capital flows.

For now, the days of Korean retail traders single-handedly driving global rallies appear to be fading—a transition that could reshape market sentiment patterns for cycles to come.