Wall Street prepares for high-stakes 30-year auction as Treasuries stabilize

Wall Street is locked in on Thursday’s $22 billion 30-year Treasury auction, a major event that’s got everyone from bond managers to economists watching the numbers like hawks.

This isn’t just another government debt sale; it’s the one that could blow open how much confidence is left in long-term U.S. borrowing. It follows weeks of brutal volatility in global bond markets, especially in the long end of the curve.

On Monday, U.S. Treasuries managed to claw back some ground after last week’s losses. Yields dipped by two to three basis points across the board, bouncing off Friday’s surge when U.S. job numbers came in stronger than expected, according to Bloomberg’s data.

That surprise data sent yields higher in a flash. But with a quieter Monday and little fresh economic news, attention now shifts to what’s coming next—Wednesday’s consumer price index report and Thursday’s auction, both of which are expected to hit like a punch.

Yields fall slightly while anxiety builds around long-term debt

The big concern is that long-dated debt is looking shaky. Yields on those bonds have been climbing nonstop since April. The 30-year yield topped out at 5.15% on May 22, a level not seen since 2023. By Monday, it had pulled back to 4.95%, but that’s still a red flag. The 10-year yield moved in sync, dropping to 4.48%, which is more of a breather than a recovery.

Lauren van Biljon, a fixed income portfolio manager at Allspring Global Investments, said the 30-year auction will shape market sentiment for the rest of June. “This is going to be key and really set the tone into June as a whole,” Lauren said on Bloomberg TV. “We know how much anxiety there is around longer-term financing.”

Lauren isn’t the only one on edge. Mike Riddell, who manages portfolios at Fidelity International, said he’s already moved into a steepener position, which benefits when long-dated bonds lose more value than short-term ones.

“It’s no longer about policy rates, it’s all about the fiscal story and demand supply dynamics,” Mike said. What’s bothering him isn’t just the rising yields—it’s the silence from policymakers. “It’s really concerning,” he said, “that there doesn’t appear to be any change in policy on the back of these market moves.”

The shift away from monetary policy as the main driver is a big deal. For years, investors were obsessed with interest rate decisions. Now, they’re more focused on whether the government’s massive borrowing and unchecked spending are sustainable. This week’s auction of 3-year notes on Tuesday and 10-year notes on Wednesday will offer more clues, but all eyes are still locked on Thursday.

Wall Street waits on inflation data and bond appetite to decide outcome

There’s also the inflation report dropping on Wednesday, and that could mess everything up. Bloomberg’s survey of economists sees CPI rising from 2.3% to 2.5% year-over-year in May. That’s enough to make anyone holding long-term bonds sweat.

Kathleen Brooks, research director at XTB, said in a note that inflation pressure could take a bite out of market risk appetite and even cap any gains in the dollar. “Especially if it threatens the U.S.’s 30-year Treasury auction on Thursday,” she added.

Wall Street is watching these auctions more than ever. That includes Jack McIntyre, a portfolio manager at Brandywine Global Investment Management. Jack said this week’s debt sales will act as a live reading of how the market feels. “All the auctions will be viewed through the lens of a test of market sentiment,” Jack said.

His opinion on the 30-year bonds? “It feels like U.S. Treasury 30 years are the most unloved bonds out there.”

Those bonds are becoming expensive to issue. The U.S. government is borrowing more, spending more, and now paying more in interest. That combination has pushed the 30-year yield near the highest levels in almost 20 years. Monday’s slight dip below 5% doesn’t mean much when the general direction is still higher.

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