South Korean Crypto Stablecoin Push Could Backfire, BOK Warns — Here’s Why

South Korea’s central bank has expressed caution over the potential consequences of issuing won-pegged crypto stablecoins, raising concerns that their adoption could inadvertently boost demand for US dollar-backed stablecoins.

Bank of Korea (BOK) Governor Lee Chang-yong warned that such developments may undermine broader monetary policy goals and complicate foreign exchange management.

Stablecoin Policy Clashes with Foreign Exchange Management

Speaking at a press briefing on Wednesday, Governor Lee noted that instead of reducing the influence of dollar-denominated stablecoins, local stablecoin issuance could facilitate their use.

“Issuing won stablecoins may not reduce the use of dollar stablecoins, but rather facilitate the exchange between dollar stablecoins and won stablecoins,” he stated.

According to Lee, this shift could ultimately increase demand for dollar stablecoins, a dynamic that could work against President Lee Jae Myung’s broader agenda of strengthening the role of the Korean won in digital finance.

While President Lee has advocated for the development of KRW-based crypto stablecoins to help reduce capital outflows and build resilience in the digital economy, the BOK’s stance indicates a more cautious approach.

Governor Lee clarified that the central bank is not fundamentally opposed to crypto stablecoins backed by the Korean won but emphasized that a regulatory framework must be in place to manage their impact on financial stability.

He specifically pointed to challenges in foreign exchange oversight and risks to the traditional banking sector. One area of concern involves the shifting of payment and settlement services away from banks toward non-bank entities that would manage stablecoin transactions.

Lee called for a broader discussion on how such a transition might affect bank profitability and the overall structure of the financial industry. “We need to paint the bigger picture on how the banking industry, such as its profitability, [would be affected] in case payment and settlement services move to stablecoins,” he said.

Global Trends and Domestic Considerations

The ongoing debate in South Korea comes amid significant developments in stablecoin regulation internationally. In the United States, the recent passage of the GENIUS Act, which aims to regulate and encourage the use of dollar-pegged stablecoins, has intensified discussions around the role of these digital assets in both domestic and global financial systems.

As of today, crypto stablecoins collectively represent over $260 billion in market capitalization, with more than $253 billion of that in US dollar-pegged tokens, according to CoinGecko data.

The South Korean Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Financial Services Commission are expected to collaborate with the BOK on shaping future stablecoin policy.

Whether the country can deploy a successful KRW stablecoin strategy without escalating dollar reliance remains a central challenge moving forward.

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